| 1 |
Author(s):
Mridula Sharda, Ankita Dhawan .
Country:
India
Research Area:
Political Science
Page No:
1-13 |
Dynamics of State Politics and its impact on Indian Federalism: A study of Assembly polls of 2023-2025
Abstract
It has been more than a decade that the saffron party has ruled the country and seeing this pace, there seems no going back for BJP. It is even obvious to say that it’s an BJP era because no opposition is here to counter the strategies of the party. After the Lok Sabha polls, the opposition took a sigh of relief when INDIA bloc got a handful seats but the results of elections immediately prior and after the Lok Sabha polls and even the Lok Sabha polls were really surprising. This paper aims at studying the recent scenario of Indian electoral politics. The paper gives a thorough analysis of assembly polls of nine states. The paper is divided into two parts: legislative assembly polls of 2023, held immediately before the Lok Sabha polls and the legislative assembly polls of 2024 and 2025 held after the polls. It will provide an overview of the mood of Indian voters and how they contribute in shaping the Indian politics. It will also help us to analyse the factors behind BJP’s stronghold among the voters as well failure of opposition parties in convincing as well as retaining the faith of the voters.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Priskili Nampui.
Country:
India
Research Area:
History
Page No:
14-22 |
Folktales as a Mirror of Biate Women’s Image and Identity
Abstract
Folktales are popular stories that were passed on in spoken form from one generation to another where the author is usually unknown. They are often used as teaching tool and entertainment for children by acquainting the community’s old traditions and culture. They constitute a folklore genre that comprises of fables, fairy tales, old legends, myths and even urban legends. Folktales have both a function and a purpose. They are often employed to share a common history to reinforce cultural values or highlight important traditions. But the Biate folktales exhibit the unremitting use of gender bias approach. Women took the major role in transmitting the old tradition through the recitation of folktales to the younger generation in the modern times. This research attempts to analyze the gender and power relations and struggle within the small patriarchal Biate society of North-East India through the folktales. The findings will show how women have been subjected to objectification. The results contemplate the patriarchal ideology remaining deeply rooted from the folktales. The folktales show that women even in imagination of the Biate community occupy inferior position than the men holding on to the patriarchal norms. The basis of data collection will be historical analysis and observation. Primary data as well as secondary sources will be consulted for this study.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Raja Doley.
Country:
India
Research Area:
History
Page No:
23-28 |
A Study of Markets, Trade Routes, and Currency under the Ahom Government.
Abstract
Abstract
The economic activities of the Ahom kingdom were evident through its establishment and regulation of hats (small markets), trade routes, chaukies (outposts) and creation of various official posts. Ahom kings such as Dihingia Raja, Pratap Singha, Gadadhar Singha, and Rudra Singha and Rajeshwar Singha established numerous towns and hats in strategic locations like Borhat, Moranhat, Rajahat and Gobha, as well as in the frontier and Duars regions. Trade articles included agricultural produce such as sugarcane, pepper, mustard seeds, ironware, and livestock. Trade was initially carried out through the barter system but was gradually replaced by the use of cowries and coinage. External trade was carried out through various river and overland routes that connected Assam with countries such as Bhutan, Tibet, and China. This paper attempts to study the trading activities, importance of towns, hats (small markets), and the currency system in medieval Assam under the administration of the Ahom government.
Keywords: King, Ahoms, Hats (Markets),Trade Route, Chaukey, Currency,
| 4 |
Author(s):
Mayank Niranjan.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Sociology
Page No:
29-36 |
The Digital Handshake: Unveiling The Nexus Between Technology and Gig Economy Through Sociological Lens
Abstract
Abstract
This article explains the sociological ramifications of the gig economy with digital technology. The relationship is critically examined by redefining gig work, with particular attention to the rise of gig work and algorithmic labour. The study shows how digital platforms have changed social structures, labour relations, and work practices. It investigates precariousness, gender dimension and technology mediation, which restructure workers’ identity. It looks at how labour relations, autonomy, and precarity are altered by platform-based work to reinforce alienation and social isolation under the applications and algorithms. It examines technology-controlled labour market by drawing on important sociological theories from classical by Marx, Weber to modern by Standing, Schor, and van Doorn. The article interrogates the promises of flexibility and entrepreneurship and contrasts them with the realities of surveillance, exploitation, and social inequality. By analysing ride-hailing and food delivery sectors, the study highlighted regulatory challenges and future sociological directions and policy interventions. The study also analysed the development of a policy framework and the socio-economic implications of platformisation in India.Keywords: Gig economy, digital technology, algorithmic labour, precarity, alienation, platformisation
| 5 |
Author(s):
Dr Ramesh K Parua.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Education
Page No:
37-43 |
Exploring Pedagogical and Learner Challenges in Higher Secondary Physics Education
Abstract
The effective teaching and learning of physics at the higher secondary level remain a critical concern in many regions of India, particularly in geographically and socio-culturally diverse areas such as the East Khasi Hills district of Meghalaya. This exploratory study investigates the pedagogical challenges faced by teachers and the learning difficulties experienced by students in higher secondary physics classrooms across selected schools in the district. Using a descriptive survey method, data were gathered through scale on challenges of teaching and learning physics’ involving 66 physics teachers and 170 students from both government and private schools. Findings indicate that teachers face significant constraints including insufficient laboratory infrastructure, inadequate training in modern pedagogical techniques, language barriers, and heavy syllabi for both male and female teachers and teachers belongs to urban and rural areas. These findings are vital for policymakers, curriculum designers, and educators aiming to enhance the quality of science education in Meghalaya and similar contexts.
| 6 |
Author(s):
Gourav Kumar Panda, Dr. Sumant Kerketta, Shashwati Khuas.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Management
Page No:
44-54 |
Educator Readiness on AI Adoption in Rural Sambalpur: An Investigation using UTAUT
Abstract
This paper is an attempt to understand how Artificial Intelligence applications like Chat-GPT, Quillbot, Deepseek and others have got into the teaching lives of educators of Sambalpur, Odisha. The study utilizes Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model to identify and assess the AI-acceptance process of the educators of Sambalpur district. Using a stratified random sampling the data was collected from each block of the district ensuring equal representation and increasing probability of generalization of the results. The focus of the study is on different factors namely; their operating environment, conditions and training facilities available to them and their surroundings including their colleagues which affect the perception and intention to use these trending AI-tools in their educational activities and it was revealed that AI integration in their educational activities is influenced by Challenges and Support Needs, Pedagogical Integration and Concerns, Interest and Resistance to AI Training, Technological Readiness and Familiarity, Institutional Support and Concerns and Resistance to Traditional Subjects and Innovations. It also revealed that behavioural intention to use these AI-tools need not necessarily lead to actual use of these tools and other external factors also affect the usage.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Dr. Oinam Sadananda Singh.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Political Science
Page No:
55-60 |
PMAY in Manipur: A Hope for Rural Livelihood
Abstract
Globalization in Twenty-first Century has changed the very nature of livelihood of rural people. The arrival of Neo liberalism, democratic values, and human rights enable the people to decide their own choices and put forth their demands. Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana (PMAY) acts as savior of poverty which facilitates to improve overall living standard of the rural people. Various rural development programmes like) Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY), Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY), Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY), Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS), Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA) etc have been implementing in order to improve and develop rural areas so as to bring over all development in the country since independence. The flagship programme can be instrumental in easing difficulties and economic hardship of the rural people. Additionally, Local Self Government i.e. Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) that have been strengthened by guaranteeing the constitutional status through the 73rd Amendment Act 1992 can play a major role to execute the programmes effectively. The paper examines PMAY and discusses their role in helping to lessen the homeless problems in particular and economic difficulties in general in rural Manipur and discusses the need of focusing the benefits of the schemes to reduce hardships of the rural people.
Key words: Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana (PMAY), Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs), 73rd Amendment Act 1992, Savior, Poverty.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Dr. Fatima Bi, Prof. Puspanjali Samantaray.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Home Science
Page No:
61-73 |
Food Handling and Hygiene Practices of Street Food Vendors – A Case Study
Abstract
Street food refers to ready-to-eat food and beverages that are prepared and sold by vendors in public places, such as streets, markets, and roadside stalls. It is typically served from food carts, stalls, or kiosks and consumed on the go. Street food is widely popular due to its affordability, convenience, and variety of flavours. Indian street food stalls offer a variety of famous local dishes, including Pani Puri, Vada Pav, Momos, Pav Bhaji, Chaat, Chowmein, and Chicken Pakoda. These food items are highly sought after and well-loved by consumers. Nowadays, street food stalls are making a good income; however, it’s a major concerns about food safety and hygiene persist due to inadequate food handling practices, lack of proper sanitation, and exposure to environmental contaminants. This study assess the food handling and hygiene practices of street food vendors, focusing on personal hygiene, food preparation, storage, environmental sanitation, etc. The study was conducted in the Jharsuguda district of Odisha. Under this research study, five famous food stalls from Jharsuguda town were selected. Findings suggest that enhancing food safety knowledge, implementing strict hygiene protocols, and providing training to vendors can significantly improve food quality and consumer health. The study emphasises the need for regulatory enforcement and public awareness initiatives to ensure safe and hygienic street food practices.Keywords: - Food Handling, Hygiene Practices, Environmental Hygiene, Health Hazards
| 9 |
Author(s):
Dr. bhumika Mishra.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Sociology
Page No:
74-85 |
कामकाजी महिलाओं के कार्य संतुष्टि एवं कार्य दक्षता का समाजशास्त्री अध्ययन
Abstract
प्रस्तुत अध्ययन में कामकाजी महिलाओं के कार्य संतुष्टि एवं कार्य दक्षता का अध्ययन किया गया है, जो छत्तीसगढ़ के रायपुर नगर से सरकारी एवं गैरसरकारी विद्यालायों से है। अध्ययन में दैव निर्दशन के माध्यम से चयनित 300 महिलाओं को लिया गया है। अध्ययन में तथ्यों का संकलन हेतु साक्षात्कार अनुसूची एवं अवलोकन के मध्यम से अपकरण लिया गया है। शोध अध्ययन से प्राप्त तथ्य यह दर्शाता है कि आज की महिलाएं हर क्षेत्र में आगे बढ़ रही है। आज की महिलाएं अब घर की चार दीवारी से निकलकर कामकाज की दुनिया में भी शामिल होती जा रही है। बदलती हुई सामाजिक] आर्थिक एवं पारिवारिक परिस्थितियों में महिलाओं को शिक्षा और रोजगार के अवसर मिलने लगे है] लेकिन जैसे-जैसे महिलाएं घर से निकल कर बाहर काम तक पहुंच रहीं है]
| 10 |
Author(s):
Dr. bhumika Mishra.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Sociology
Page No:
86-96 |
सरकारी एवं गैर सरकारी विद्यालयों की शिक्षिकाओं के मानसिक दबाव एवं अवसाद की स्थिति का तुलनात्मक अध्ययन
Abstract
प्रस्तुत शोध अध्ययन छत्तीसगढ राज्य के रायपुर नगर के सरकारी एवं गैरसरकारी विद्यालयों में कार्यरत शिक्षिकाओं में मानसिक दबाव एवं अवसाद का तुलनात्मक अध्ययन किया गया। अध्ययन में तथ्यों का संकलन हेतु साक्षात्कार अनुसूची एवं अवलोकन अपकरण का उपयोग किया गया है। शोध अध्ययन से प्राप्त तथ्य यह दर्शाता है कि सरकारी एवं गैरसरकारी विद्यालयों में कार्यरत महिलाओं में परिवार और पेशे के बीच में सामंजस्य स्थापित करने में काफी दिक्कतों का सामना करना पड़ता है। यद्यपि समाज ने उनकी उपयोगिता और महत्व को स्वीकार कर लिया है] लेकिन इन्हें जिस पारिवारिक सहारे की जरूरत होती है] उससे अधिकतर कामकाजी महिलाएं आज भी वंचित है। महिलाएं सामाजिक व्यवस्था की धुरी मानी जाती है। इन्हीं से देश का निर्माण होता है। अतः इनका स्वस्थ्य रहना अत्यंत आवश्यक है क्योंकि एक स्वस्थ्य महिला के पिछे स्वस्थ्य राष्ट्र का निर्माण होता है। दोहरे दायित्व के कारण कामकाजी महिलाएं मानसिक] संवेगात्मक एवं शारीरिक तौर पर प्रभावित हो रही है, क्योंकि महिलाएं दोहरे दायित्व के कारण कई समस्याओं से गिर चुकी है तथा अतः इन्हें सेहत के प्रति जागरूक करने की जरूरत है। परिवार के सदस्यों तथा कार्यक्षेत्र में कार्यरत लोगों को उनकी सहायता के प्रति प्रोत्साहन करना बहुत जरूरी हो गया है।
| 11 |
Author(s):
Kamaljeet Singh.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Political Science
Page No:
97-101 |
Indo-Pak Relations and Impact of Operation Sindoor
Abstract
India and Pakistan have had their history of struggles and conflicts before the Independence of both countries. Since 1947, this struggle has continuously increased with the advent of time*(1). This study examines the complex dynamics of India-Pakistan relations, with a specific focus on the implications of the latest Operation Sindoor, a military operation conducted by India in May 2025. The operation targeted terrorist infrastructure in Pakistan and Pakistan-occupied Kashmir, signaling a notable shift in India's strategic approach to cross-border terrorism. The targets were handled with specific technological precision and accuracy. It was a reflection of the new technological warfare exhibited by both India and Pakistan. Till now, India was considered to be a non-aggressive policy-operant nation with no first initiation of combats or attacks. The world took India’s decision with mixed responses. Its impact on the international domain warrants a thorough case study and analysis. Moreover, this step was a major shift in India’s approach towards solving the internal conflicts through external strikes. This step has not only given a new makeover to Indo-Pak strains but has also impacted the generalized opinion across the world. This paper analyzes the operation's strategic, economic, and geopolitical ramifications, exploring its effects on India’s stance on security, its bilateral relations, global perceptions, and regional stability. It tries to explain that such aggressive shifts in security handling can not only impact India’s approach, but they can create a deep and long-lasting impact throughout South Asia.
| 12 |
Author(s):
डा. प्रमोद कुमार सहनी.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Hindi
Page No:
102-105 |
महादेवी वर्मा के कथा साहित्य में निम्नवर्ग
Abstract
निम्नवर्ग में वे लोग होते है, जिनके पास श्रम को छोड़कर उत्पादन और जीवन- जीवकोपार्जन का कोई साधन नहीं होता। यह वर्ग है जो श्रम करता है, पसीना बहाता है और अपने श्रम की मजदूरी पाकर उससे जीविका चलाता है। हिंदी साहित्य कोश में निम्नवर्ग के संबंध में लिखा है, “यह समाज का वह भाग है, जो अपनी जीविका का उपार्जन श्रम से करता है और अधिकतर इस वर्ग का ही शोषण किया जाता है। इस वर्ग के अंतर्गत किसान, मजदूर आते है।” निम्नवर्ग वर्तमान समाज में जीने के लिए रोजी-रोटी की समस्या हल करनें में ही लगा रहता है। यह वर्ग अपने अधिकार के प्रति बिल्कुल ही सजग नहीं है।
| 13 |
Author(s):
Dr. Neetu Saharia.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Performing Arts
Page No:
106-115 |
From Colonial Wounds to Global Displacement: A Postcolonial Reading of “Imaan Imaan Paani”
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Imaan Imaan Paani (We are Drowning), a politically-charged Assamese play written and directed by Dr. Mrinal Jyoti Goswami, emerges as a powerful postcolonial narrative that stages the lingering trauma of colonization and its transformation into contemporary forms of displacement and cultural erasure. Drawing from the surrealist motifs of Salvador Dalí and the existential angst of Edvard Munch, the play invokes a non-linear, symbolic theatrical language to explore themes such as collective memory, state violence, environmental degradation and forced migration. This paper attempts a postcolonial reading of Imaan Imaan Paani, situating its aesthetic choices within broader theoretical frameworks offered by scholars such as Edward Said, Homi Bhabha and Gayatri Spivak. It interrogates how the fragmented identities, loss of indigenous time-space structures, and metaphoric cycles of destruction presented in the play resonate with the postcolonial condition in the global South. By examining performative elements— like the interplay of puppets, clocks, children’s rhymes and bodily protests— this study argues that the play transcends regional boundaries to offer a trenchant critique of both colonial residues and neoliberal violence. Ultimately, the work asserts theatre’s potential to reclaim silenced histories and envision acts of resistance and renewal.KEYWORDS
Post-colonialism, displacement, memory, performance, violence, migration, Assam, global South, theatre
| 14 |
Author(s):
डा. राजेश कुमार मिश्रा.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Music
Page No:
116-119 |
संगीत में अवनद्ध वाद्यों की उपयोगिता
Abstract
शब्द स्वर, लय और ताल मिलकर संगीत में रस की उत्पति करते हैं। साहित्य में छंद की विविधता और संगीत में ताल एवं लय के सामंजस्य द्वार विभिन्न रसों की सृष्टि की जाती है।
तालविहीन संगीत नासिकाविहीन मुख की तरह बताया गया है। ताल से अनुशासित होकर ही संगीत विभिन्न भाव और रसो को उत्पन्न कर पाता है। ताल की गतियाँ स्तरो की सहायता के बिना भी रस-निष्पत्ति मैं समक्ष होती है। ताल यह ऐसी रचना है जो संगीत में समय को मापने के लिए प्रयोग की जाती है। इसकी लंबाई आवश्यकता अनुसार छोटी या बड़ी हो सकती है।
स्वर और लय संगीत रूपी भवन के दो आधार स्तम्भ है। स्वर से राग और लय से ताल। लय मापने के लिए मात्रा की रचना की गई।
संगीत गायन, वादन और नृत्य की त्रिवेणी है। इन तीनों में ताल का बड़ा महत्व है। गायक वादक को हमेशा ताल का ध्यान रखना पड़ता है। वह नई-नई कल्पना करता है, किन्तु ताल से बाहर नही जा सकता जितनी सुन्दरता से वह ताल से मिलता है, उतना ही उच्च कोटि का गायक कहलाता है। अच्छ गायक व वादक में ताल की कुशलता होना आवश्यक है।
अलाप के अतिरिक्त संगीत की सभी चीजे तालबद्ध होती है, इसलिए अलाप शुरू में किया जाता है, और अलाप के समाप्त होते ही ताल शुरू होता है। गीतों के प्रकारों के आधार पर विभिन्न प्रकार के तालों की रचना हुई। ख्याल के लिए तीनताल, झपताल झूमरा, तिलवाडा, रूपक आदि। तथा धु्रपद के लिए चारताल, शुलताल आदि की रचना हुई।
| 15 |
Author(s):
Rengani Handique.
Country:
India
Research Area:
English
Page No:
120-124 |
Illness as Resistance: A Comparative Study of Monikuntala Bhattacharya’s Sandhya and Anuradha Sarma Pujari’s Jalasabi
Abstract
This paper examines how illness is constructed as a site of resistance in Monikuntala Bhattacharya’s Sandhya and Anuradha Sarma Pujari’s Jalasabi. While Sandhya is dominated by the bio-psychological agony of AIDS and its attendant stigma, Jalasabi foregrounds the biomedical realities of chronic illness and the loneliness of old age. Drawing on narrative theory, feminist literary criticism, and global illness narratives, the study demonstrates how both novels use illness to critique social norms and assert agency, albeit through different narrative and thematic strategies. Through their depiction of illness not merely as a biomedical condition but a deeply social and emotional experience, these works reflect on the ways in which the female body becomes both a site of suffering and subversion.
| 16 |
Author(s):
Dr. Kiri Taso.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Environmental Studies
Page No:
125-136 |
Disaster Management in the face of Extreme Climatic Conditions in Papumpare District of Arunachal Pradesh: Critical Issues and Strategic Response
Abstract
AbstractDisaster management is one of the key areas that one needs to understand as the various nations of the world have witnessed the severe devastation caused by natural and human-made disaster, which claims and damages several lives and properties, etc. Understanding the disaster management issue is a pertinent and prerequisite in this fast-changing, technology-driven modern world, as it has far more serious consequences that need to be addressed. The disaster management framework needed the circle notion of good preparedness, mitigation, disaster response, and recovery, and thereby again came to the preparedness aspect. Thus, a well-integrated and systematic disaster management framework is a prerequisite to save many vulnerable species on this planet. Even Goal No. 13 by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs) in the year 2015 initiated by its member nations pledges to meet such like issues by 2030. Papumpare district in particular and Arunachal Pradesh in general too went through various severe disaster management crises from time to time. Hence, this paper is an attempt to study Disaster Management in the Papumpare District of Arunachal Pradesh along with its other significant aspects. The findings of the study will enhance the academic understanding of the problem under study on the one hand and the other hand, contribute to policymakers in framing an effective policy to deal with the Disaster Management issue in the study area.Key Words: Disaster Management, Extreme Climatic conditions, vulnerable, SDGs & UNO
| 17 |
Author(s):
Dr. Varsha Maheshwari, Ms. Kashish Nainwani.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Management
Page No:
137-157 |
Financial Foresight for SMEs: Data Driven Financial Projections for SME Growth Planning
Abstract
Financial projections are estimates or forecasts of a business’s financial performance for a future period. An analysis of financial performance with the aim of understanding how financial projections shape the decision-making and long-term sustainability of the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are vital to ensure for financial planning as its helps in SMEs grow, mitigate risks, and allocate resources effectively. These projections include key financial metrics such as sales revenue, cost of goods sold, expenses, net income, cash flows, and capital structure. For SMEs, accurate financial projections are not just a tool for budgeting but are also pivotal in securing investments, planning for growth, managing risks, and evaluating performance. The study emphasizes the importance of creating realistic and data-driven financial forecasts that can guide businesses in navigating uncertainty and preparing for future challenges. The financial data reveals how SMEs that adopted more accurate and comprehensive projections experienced smoother operations, better risk management, and higher profitability, while those with less accurate projections faced difficulties in planning for unforeseen market fluctuations, supply chain disruptions, or changes in consumer demand. The study utilizes a variety of analytical tools, including line charts, trend analysis, Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR), and regression analysis, to examine revenue growth, expense patterns, profitability, and financial health. By predicting future revenues and expenses, SMEs are able to optimize their budgets, allocate resources efficiently, and plan for strategic investments, thus fostering sustainable growth. Additionally, financial projections help businesses assess the feasibility of new ventures or expansions, making them indispensable for long-term planning. As a result, many SMEs struggle to make precise projections and may have to revise their forecasts frequently. The analysis identifies that while financial projections provide a valuable framework, they must be updated regularly to remain relevant and reflective of current conditions.
| 18 |
Author(s):
Dr. Sharad Kumar.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Economics
Page No:
158-164 |
Skilling for Success: Evaluating the Impact of Skill Development on Rural Youth Employment
Abstract
Skill development programs are essential for empowering rural youth and improving their future prospects. These programs play a crucial role in bridging the gap between available opportunities and the skills possessed by young individuals in rural communities. Often marginalized and lacking access to quality education and training, rural youth face significant challenges in securing stable and well-paying employment. Addressing this disparity through targeted skill development initiatives is crucial for fostering inclusive economic growth and social progress. Young people in rural areas also struggle to build productive and satisfying careers due to limited access to quality education and a lack of relevant job skills. This can lead to unemployment and persistent poverty. Skill development programs offer a vital solution by providing these young individuals with the skills they need to succeed in today's economy. This study examines the impact of these programs on rural youth, exploring how they affect various aspects of their lives, including employment opportunities and overall well-being. By providing a comprehensive overview of the current situation, this research aims to help policymakers and practitioners design and implement more effective skill development initiatives. The research study is descriptive on the basis of the secondary data. The various government reports are referred to collect secondary data.
| 19 |
Author(s):
Dr. Sunita Rani.
Country:
India
Research Area:
English
Page No:
165-170 |
Subversion and Conformity: Gender Roles in Shakespearean Tragedies
Abstract
In Elizabethan England, gender roles were rigidly defined and strictly enforced. Men were expected to embody rationality, strength, and public authority, while women were largely confined to the private sphere, expected to be obedient, passive, and chaste. Patriarchal norms governed every aspect of social life, with marriage and family reinforcing male dominance and female subservience. These expectations extended to cultural productions, including the theatre, where all female roles were performed by men, further complicating the portrayal of gender.
Shakespeare’s plays were written at a time when certain gender roles were hurriedly accepted and resisted, so he created characters who did both things. His novels examine the contemporary beliefs about gender at the same time as they show the world he lived in. Exploring Lady Macbeth, Othello, and Cleopatra allows readers to see how gender expectations can change or disturb a person’s identity, beliefs, and authority. Shakespeare uses drama, speeches alone, and action to show that gender is a topic to be explored and possibly debated on stage.
In his tragedies, Shakespeare stays close to traditional gender stereotypes, but he also challenges these ideas by showing important departures. When Shakespeare writes about characters who fight against or are brought down by what is considered acceptable for their gender, he points out the contradictions in such roles and suggests gender is just a role people act out.
| 20 |
Author(s):
SHAILENDRA WASNIK , Prof. Bhagwant Singh.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Philosophy
Page No:
171-177 |
अष्टांगिक मार्ग की प्रासंगिकता: व्यक्तित्व विकास के विशेष सन्दर्भ में
Abstract
व्यक्तित्व को परिभाषित करने के लिये व्यक्ति के समस्त बाह्य एवं आन्तरिक गुणों का अध्ययन आवश्यक है जो व्यक्तित्व विकास की प्रक्रिया में सहायक सिद्ध होगा। व्यक्तित्व विशेष लक्षणों का योग न होकर व्यक्ति के बाह्य एवं आन्तरिक गुणों की समग्रता है। व्यक्तित्व विकास की प्रक्रिया स्थिर न होकर परिवर्तनशील है। दार्शनिक सम्प्रदायों में व्यक्तित्व विकास का सम्बन्ध मानव के नैतिक, बौद्धिक, सामाजिक एवं आध्यात्मिक विकास से है जिसके अनुसार व्यक्तित्व विकास का उद्देश्य न केवल बौद्धिक विकास वरन् मानव के सम्पूर्ण आत्मिक एवं नैतिक उत्थान हेतु मार्ग प्रशस्त कराना है जो उसे सांसारिक एवं आध्यात्मिक विकास की ओर समायोजित करने योग्य बनाए। आधुनिक युग में मानव विभिन्न संसाधनों का उपयोग कर भौतिक उन्नति करता जा रहा है किन्तु जीवन के परम् लक्ष्य की प्राप्ति में उसकी अपूर्णता बनी हुई है यह अपूर्णता व्यक्तित्व विकास की प्रक्रिया में बाधा उत्पन्न करती है। व्यक्तित्व विकास के गूढ़तम रहस्यों को खोजने तथा जीवन की सार्थकता हेतु अष्टांगिक मार्ग साधना पद्धति का ज्ञान अत्यन्त उपयोगी एवम् महत्वपूर्ण है।
अष्टांगिक मार्ग की प्रासंगिकता के आधार पर प्रस्तुत आलेख में व्यक्तित्व विकास को विकसित करने की सार्थकता पर विचार करने का प्रयास किया गया है। शारीरिक, मानसिक, संवेदनात्मक, सामाजिक एवम् आध्यात्मिक विकास के लिए अष्टांगिक मार्ग एक सम्यक् मार्ग है जिसका अनुसरण कर व्यक्तित्व विकास के साथ-साथ आदर्श समाज का निर्माण किया जा सकता है। अष्टांगिक मार्ग तथा व्यक्तित्व विकास के मध्य अटूट सम्बन्ध है। शोध आलेख के माध्यम से अष्टांगिक मार्ग का व्यक्तित्व के सर्वांगीण विकास में सकारात्मक प्रभाव प्रस्तुत करने का प्रयास किया गया है।
| 21 |
Author(s):
Parul Tripathi .
Country:
India
Research Area:
Sociology
Page No:
178-184 |
Tale of Technology: The Influence of Modern Appliances on Middle-Class Homemakers in Lucknow
Abstract
This sociological study examines how middle-class homemakers in Lucknow, India—a city known for its syncretic Ganga-Jamuni Tehzeeb and changing urban identity—are affected by contemporary household appliances. The study examines how appliances like vacuum cleaners, microwaves, and washing machines etc. have changed gender roles, time management, and domestic work through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 15 homemakers from urban areas like Gomti Nagar, Indira Nagar, and Aliganj.According to research, these technologies greatly lessen physical labor, allowing women to engage in profitable endeavors like chikankari needlework and devote more time to social and familial obligations. But, when social pressures increase for idealized home norms, they also serve to uphold established gender roles. Within the historical context of Lucknow, which includes colonial reforms, post-independence urbanization, and Nawabi grandeur, the study emphasizes the relationship between gender, technology, and cultural identity.By showing how appliances both empower and constrain middle-class women in a culturally distinct urban setting, it advances feminist sociology. The study urges more investigation into how technology is changing domesticity in tier-2 cities in India and supports laws that challenge patriarchal norms and provide equal access to technology.
| 22 |
Author(s):
Subhasmita Parida, Prof. Sudhakar Patra.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Economics
Page No:
185-197 |
Tracking India’s Digital Finance Transformation and Shift Towards a Cashless Economy
Abstract
This Seeks to analyse the growth and performance of India’s online payments and e-money ecosystem, focusing on key enablers such as the Unified Payments Interface (UPI), digital wallets, mobile banking, and fintech innovations. The study has used secondary data collected from RBI macroeconomic indicators and different publications. Through data analysis and trend evaluation, the study highlights the increasing penetration of internet and smartphone usage, the rise of real-time transactions, and the evolving regulatory landscape. While the progress is notable, challenges such as cybersecurity risks, digital literacy gaps, and infrastructure limitations persist. UPI has become the cornerstone of India's digital payment ecosystem. In October 2024 alone, UPI processed over 16.5 billion transactions worth ₹23.49 lakh crore, marking a 45% year-on-year growth from the previous year. By the second half of 2024, UPI accounted for 89% of the total digital payment volume, with platforms like PhonePe, Google Pay, and Paytm dominating the market. While UPI leads in transaction volume, digital wallets and cards still play a role, contributing 11% to digital payments as of July 2024. However, their share is gradually declining as UPI's dominance increases. India's shift towards a cashless economy is evident in the exponential growth of UPI transactions, the increasing adoption of digital payments in public services, and initiatives aimed at financial inclusion. While challenges like cybersecurity threats and the need for merchant fee structures remain, the overall trajectory indicates a strong move towards a digital-first financial ecosystem. Public transportation systems are increasingly adopting digital payments. For instance, the Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation's Chamarajanagar division recorded over ₹3.2 crore in UPI transactions within five months of implementing a cashless system. Similarly, Nagpur Division of Central Railway achieved the highest share of QR code-based transactions across its zone, accounting for 22.10%. This paper concludes by assessing India’s readiness for a fully digital financial future and outlines key recommendations to sustain and enhance the momentum of its cashless journey.
| 23 |
Author(s):
Shubham Kumar Sah.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Mass Communication
Page No:
198-210 |
Bridging the Language Gap: Media’s Contribution to Effective Disaster Communication
Abstract
Effective disaster communication is essential in ensuring timely and accurate information dissemination to diverse populations, especially in linguistically rich regions like India. This paper explores the challenges and strategies for overcoming language barriers in disaster communication, emphasizing the importance of linguistic inclusivity. It discusses community engagement, government support, and policy frameworks that prioritize multilingual communication to ensure equitable access to disaster-related information. The paper further explores the role of media outlets in fostering community-driven translation efforts and developing culturally relevant messaging. Also, it examines the importance of capacity-building initiatives for media professionals, enabling them to effectively communicate across linguistic and cultural boundaries. Research and technological innovations, such as machine translation and real-time interpretation tools, are highlighted as key enablers of inclusive disaster communication. Despite significant progress, challenges such as linguistic diversity, technological gaps, and misinformation persist, requiring continued efforts for improvement. The paper concludes by proposing recommendations for the development of multilingual communication guidelines, investment in language technologies, and media literacy initiatives to enhance disaster preparedness and response. By embracing linguistic diversity and ensuring inclusive communication, media outlets can contribute to building resilient communities, ultimately improving disaster response and fostering social cohesion across India’s diverse linguistic landscape.
| 24 |
Author(s):
Pribilina Champramary, Upasana Kalita, Prof. Kaberi Saha.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Social Science
Page No:
211-220 |
Learning Styles and Gender Differences among Undergraduate Students of Gauhati University: A Study using the VARK Model
Abstract
Learning styles refer to the characteristics of the ways individuals perceive, process, and retain information. Learning styles are a kind of learning method that students adopt in order to learn, acquire, and understand information or knowledge. In this study, the VARK model has been used to understand the types of learning styles among undergraduate students. This study aims to find the types of learning styles used and the gender difference in learning styles among undergraduate students. The investigators adopted the descriptive survey method, and 120 undergraduate students were selected as a sample using a simple random sampling technique for the study. The descriptive statistics, such as mean, standard deviation, and percentages, were used to find the types of learning styles used, and inferential statistics, such as a t-test, were calculated to find the gender differences in the learning styles between male and female undergraduate students. The findings of the study revealed that most of the students scored highest on visual learning styles and lowest on auditory learning styles. The mean difference shows that females scored higher than males and shows a p-value< 0.05, which indicates that there is a statistically significant difference in learning styles between male and female undergraduate students. These findings show the importance of adopting a balanced instructional approach that meets the diverse learning needs of the students within the classroom.
| 25 |
Author(s):
Suchitra Chaudhary.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Education
Page No:
221-232 |
Empowering Youth Through Education: A Strategic Tool Against Juvenile Delinquency
Abstract
Juvenile delinquency, which refers to illegal or antisocial behavior committed by individuals typically under the age of eighteen, continues to pose a major challenge to societies across the globe. While several factors contribute to juvenile crime—including poverty, family dysfunction, peer influence, and lack of positive role models—education has consistently emerged as one of the most effective means of prevention. Education not only equips children and adolescents with academic knowledge but also shapes their moral and social development, instills discipline, and provides alternatives to deviant behavior.
| 26 |
Author(s):
Dr. Nongthombam Brojendro Singh.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Political Science
Page No:
233-240 |
Indigenous Political Institutions and Governance in Post-Colonial Manipur: A Study of Administrative and Socio-Economic Transformations
Abstract
Indigenous Political Institutions and Governance in Post-Colonial Manipur: A Study of Administrative and Socio-Economic Transformations
Dr. Nongthombam Brojendro Singh
Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science
Kamakhya Pemton College, Hiyanthang
Abstract
This paper investigates the transformation of indigenous political institutions and governance systems in Manipur in the aftermath of colonial rule and its subsequent merger into the Indian Union in 1949. It focuses on the administrative and socio-economic shifts that have shaped governance practices in the region, highlighting the dynamic interplay between age-old traditional institutions—such as chieftainships, tribal councils, and customary legal systems—and the modern structures of the Indian state, introduced through democratic decentralization and constitutional reforms. Manipur presents a unique case of dual governance marked by stark administrative and ethnic distinctions between the Meitei-dominated valley and the tribal-inhabited hill areas. In the post-colonial period, the imposition of state-led reforms in areas like land tenure, agrarian relations, education, and political representation significantly altered traditional systems, while also intensifying identity-based contestations and regional disparities. Indigenous institutions in the hill areas have demonstrated a remarkable degree of adaptive resilience, negotiating their space within the broader framework of the Indian state while continuing to govern local affairs based on customary norms. Using a historical-analytical approach, the study traces the evolution of these institutions and examines their interaction with modern administrative frameworks across regions. It highlights the complexities of governance, identity, and integration in a multi-ethnic and geographically diverse state.
Keywords: Indigenous Institutions, Governance, Post-Colonial State, Manipur, Customary Law, Tribal Councils, Democratic Decentralization, Socio-Economic Transformation.
| 27 |
Author(s):
Md Muzammil Hussain.
Country:
India
Research Area:
English
Page No:
241-249 |
Fragmented Realities and Symbolic Resistance: A Critical Study of Thangjam Ibopishak Singh, Robin S. Ngangom, And Thingnam Anjulika Samom
Abstract
This paper investigates the poetic articulations of socio-political unrest and cultural dissonance in the works of three distinguished Manipuri poets: Thangjam Ibopishak Singh, Robin S. Ngangom, and Thingnam Anjulika Samom. Situated within the conflict-ridden landscape of Manipur- a state long burdened by militarization, ethnic tensions, and historical marginalization- these poets engage with fragmented identities and contested narratives through literary symbolism, irony, and resistance. The study employs a postcolonial and subaltern framework to examine how their poetry reflects the fractured realities of lived experience while simultaneously resisting dominant discourses that seek to silence or assimilate peripheral voices.
Ibopishak’s satirical tone and absurdist imagery expose the alienation and bureaucratic violence that plague the Manipuri consciousness. Ngangom’s melancholic and lyrical poetics uncover the pain of memory and trauma, while Samom’s feminist sensibility provides a gendered critique of socio-cultural oppression, blending personal and political struggles. Together, these poets construct a counter-discursive space that questions the legitimacy of state power, national identity, and cultural homogeneity.
The paper argues that through the fragmentation of form, multilingual registers, and symbolic layering, their poetry not only documents socio-political crises but also enacts resistance by reclaiming agency, memory, and identity. Ultimately, this research underscores the need to read Northeast Indian literature as a vital site of aesthetic and political negotiation in contemporary Indian literary discourse.
Keywords: Northeast Indian poetry, symbolic resistance, identity politics, gendered expression, postcolonial critique
| 28 |
Author(s):
Kinjal Bohare, Dr. Dinesh Chahal.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Education
Page No:
250-257 |
Art-Integration in Science Education: A Constructivist Approach through the 5E Instructional Model
Abstract
This paper analyses the role and effectiveness of Art Integration in science education, particularly in the context of Constructivist Pedagogy and the 5E teaching model (Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate, Evaluate). The purpose of the study is to understand how integration of arts develops deeper understanding of scientific concepts, creativity, and cultural sensitivity in students. The research is based on a qualitative-descriptive methodology, analysing national education policies (NEP 2020, NCF 2005, NCF‑FS 2022), pilot studies such as the Delhi Arts Curriculum, and key educational theories. Research has shown how various art forms—such as drama, music, painting, and storytelling—strengthen students’ engagement, exploration, expression, application, and evaluation at each stage of the 5E model. In conclusion, AIL transforms science education from being a mere academic subject to an inclusive, experiential and multi-intellectual process that promotes holistic development of students and equips them with essential 21st century competencies.
| 29 |
Author(s):
डाॅ. मोनिता नेमा.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Hindi
Page No:
258-261 |
हिन्दी उपन्यास और प्रमुख महिला उपन्यासकारों की भूमिका
Abstract
हिंदी उपन्यासों में महिलाओं की भूमिका महत्वपूर्ण रही है । लेखकों ने महिलाओं के अनुभवों, संघर्षों, और सशक्तिकरण को उजागर किया है, जिससे समाज मे महिलाओं की स्थिति और अधिकारों के प्रति जागरूकता बढ़ी है। 21वीं सदी में हिंदी साहित्य में महिला उपन्यासों का उल्लेख हुआ है जिसमें महिला लेखकों का योगदान अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण रहा है। इस सदी में महिला लेखक साहित्यिक क्षेत्र में अपनी सशक्त उपस्थिति दर्ज कराते हुए विभिन्न मुद्दों पर अपनी आवाज बुलंद कर रही हैं। महिला लेखिकाएँ न केवल परंपरागत साहित्यिक रूपों को चुनौती दे रही हैं, बल्कि नई और प्रयोगात्मक लेखन शैली भी अपना रही हैं, जिससे हिंदी साहित्य को एक नई दिशा और ऊर्जा मिली है। उन्होंने सामाजिक मुद्दों जैसे लिंग समानता, महिला सशक्तिकरण, और शिक्षा के महत्व को अपने लेखन में प्रमुखता से उठाया है। उनकी रचनाओं में महिलाओं की सामाजिक स्थिति, व्यक्तिगत संघर्ष, और स्वतंत्रता की खोज को एक नई दृष्टि से प्रस्तुत किया गया है। इन योगदानों ने न केवल साहित्य को समृद्ध किया है, बल्कि समाज में महत्वपूर्ण परिवर्तन और जागरूकता को भी प्रेरित किया है। हिंदी उपन्यासों में महिलाओं की भूमिका का विकास एक महत्वपूर्ण परिवर्तन है। लेखिकाओं ने न केवल महिलाओं की समस्याओं को उजागर किया है, बल्कि उनके सशक्तिकरण और समानता के लिए भी आवाज उठाई है
मूलषब्द- सषक्तिकरण, हिन्दी साहित्य, जागरूकता, सामाजिक मुद्वे
| 30 |
Author(s):
विकास द्विवेदी, डा. दिवाकर अवस्थी.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Journalism
Page No:
262-268 |
भारत के स्वतंत्रता आंदोलन में भारतीय समाचार पत्रों के योगदान का अध्ययन
Abstract
बदलते परिदृश्य के साथ के साथ जब आज प्रिंट मीडिया से निकलकर पहले प्रसारण पत्रिकारिता और अब डिजिटल पत्रकारिता के युग में प्रवेश कर चुके हैँ, और आज प्रिंट पत्रकारिता धीरे धीरे घटती पाठक संख्या से जूझ रही है, तो लोग प्रिंट पत्रकारिता के महत्व को कम आंकने लगे हैँ तो ऐसे में इतिहास के उस पन्ने में झाँकना जरुरी हो जाता है जहाँ से प्रिंट ने संघर्ष से शुरुआत की और देश को गुलामी की जंजीरों से आजाद होने तक अपना अप्रतिम योगदान दिया। प्रिंट के उन ओजस्वी पत्रकारों ने संकट के समय में भी अपना धैर्य नहीं खोया और कोड़े खाकर जेल जाने जैसी तमाम यातनाओं को सहकर भी अपना कर्तव्य बखूबी निभाया और अख़बार के पन्नों पर लगातार ब्रिटिश हुकूमत की ज्यादतियों के खिलाफ राष्ट्रवाद के आयाम से सींचते रहे। ऐसे में आइये हम नजर डालते हैँ भारतीय प्रिंट पत्रकारिता की उस संघर्ष भरी यात्रा पर जहाँ राजा राम मोहन राय का संवाद कौमुदी था, गोपाल कृष्ण गोखले का 'हितवाद' था, तिलक का 'केसरी' था तो राष्ट्रपिता महात्मा गाँधी जी का नवजीवन और यंग इंडिया भी था। हमारे देश भारत ने अपनी आजादी के लिये लम्बे वक्त तक संघर्ष किया है। देश को स्वाधीन कराने के लिये अनेक कर्मयोगियों ने अपने अपने तरीके से प्रयास किये हैं, किसी ने शांति का रास्ता चुना, तो किसी ने क्रांति का, किसी ने वकालत का रास्ता चुना तो किसी ने पत्रकारिता का। आजादी के इस योगदान में वो पत्रकारिता ही थी, जिसने ब्रिटिश हुकूमत के खिलाफ खबरें छाप-छाप कर उनकी नींद हराम कर दी थी। वो भारतीय पत्रकार ही थे जिन्होंने अंग्रेजो को इस बात का बखूबी अहसास करा दिया था की अब देश जाग चुका है और वो अब तुम्हारे जुल्म को और नहीं सहेगा।
| 31 |
Author(s):
Prangya Priyadarsini Sahoo, Dr. Suresh Chandra Murmu.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Anthropology
Page No:
269-276 |
Women and Woven Craft: A Case Study among the Dera Weavers of Berhampur City, Ganjam, Odisha
Abstract
Women have always had a unique relationship with weaving that goes deeper than just making clothes for their household. Historically, Women have been a significant part of weaving craft, whose contribution goes unnoticed, as weaving is an in-house activity for most weavers. The present paper makes a humble attempt to study the role of women in the woven craft among the Dera Weavers of Berhampur City of Ganjam, who are mostly associated with silk weaving traditions & weave the famous Berhampuri Patta Saree. This paper is based on an empirical study & various anthropological methods like observation, interview and case study have been used for collection of primary data in the present study. The finding of the study reveals that the Dera women, along with all household chores, play significant role by assisting their husbands or male members in weaving process of the Berhampuri Patta Saree, as they are engaged in tedious pre & post weaving works, such as dyeing, sizing, piecing and polishing. These works have been unrecognised & unpaid for many decades, due to the patriarchal nature of the Dera society. Dera women do not directly contribute in marketing of the final product, procurement of raw materials and finalization of the designs. Proper implementations of the different govt. schemes are required to address the issues and challenges experienced by Dera women weavers.
| 32 |
Author(s):
Jaidev pareek.
Country:
India
Research Area:
History
Page No:
277-281 |
Gandhi’s Concept of Ram Rajya
Abstract
Ram Rajya is generally understood as the divine kingdom of lord Ram mentioned in the epic Ramayana written by sage Valmiki. It is associated with peace, harmony, absence of suffering, equity and equality. The society and the people are all encompassing and welcoming, tolerant. Along this line Gandhi also tried imagining a state like that but not associated with any religion or religious figure, a state in which humanist principle prevailed, there is existence of equal rights to both king and society, where there is a balance and intermingling of social harmony, economic justice and political freedom. A state of Divine Raj and not a Hindu kingdom. Through which an egalitarian society could be imagined as a blue print for every state of that time. This paper attempts to study and identify the key characteristics of Ram Rajya mentioned by Gandhi and its modern-day need, necessity and application.
| 33 |
Author(s):
Mr.Pragat Chauhan.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Political Science
Page No:
282-290 |
M.N. Roy’s Radical Humanism Amid Identity Politics
Abstract
This abstract explores M.N. Roy’s philosophy of Radical Humanism in the context of contemporary identity politics. M.N. Roy, a revolutionary thinker and political philosopher, developed Radical Humanism as a response to the limitations of both capitalist individualism and Marxist collectivism. His vision emphasized rational thinking, ethical responsibility, individual liberty, and democratic participation rooted in universal human values. In today’s world, where identity politics plays a central role in shaping political discourse and policy, often driven by race, caste, religion, gender, and ethnicity, Roy’s ideas offer a critical alternative. Identity politics, while instrumental in highlighting historical injustices and seeking empowerment for marginalized groups, can also deepen social divisions and foster exclusionary attitudes. Roy’s Radical Humanism challenges such fragmentations by promoting a rational, secular, and human-centered approach to social organization. His framework encourages individuals to transcend group loyalties and think in terms of common human interests, aiming for a just and equitable society beyond identity-based boundaries. This paper argues that revisiting Roy’s Radical Humanism can provide meaningful insights into navigating the challenges of modern democratic societies. It calls for a renewed emphasis on reason, dialogue, and ethical individualism as tools for building inclusive communities in an era increasingly shaped by identity politics.
| 34 |
Author(s):
Saikat Soren.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Mass Communication
Page No:
291-298 |
Fake News in Present Times and Ways to Curb It
Abstract
Fake news has its roots hundreds of years back but with rapid penetration of internet in all walks of social life has made it extremely difficult to detect and differentiate fake news globally and particularly in Indian context. Fake news has several classifications and divisions that are to be understood. Rampant use of digital gadgets and indiscriminate sharing of random information on social media like Facebook, X, WhatsApp, etc. without having basic knowledge to pinpoint genuine news and arrest the flow of fake news is sure to bring catastrophe to the society. Citizen journalists without media literacy are a dangerous combination. Therefore, basic media literacy along with digital literacy to train the masses to differentiate fake from real is the need of the hour. Immediate enactment of laws to curb fake news in the Indian context is of vital importance.
| 35 |
Author(s):
Pallabi Bhuyan.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Performing Arts
Page No:
299-304 |
Performing Awareness: The Use of Theatre in Social Justice Movements.
Abstract
Theatre has long served as a powerful catalyst for social awareness and reform. This research paper investigates how theatre functions as a platform for advocating social justice and addressing inequality. Through qualitative analysis of various performance forms—such as street theatre, community plays, and political drama—this study explores how theatre artists and groups worldwide use performance to amplify marginalized voices, engage audiences emotionally, and mobilize collective action. Drawing from real-world case studies and established theories, the paper highlights theatre’s role as a participatory, reflective, and transformative force. It concludes that theatre continues to be a vital medium for raising consciousness, challenging systemic structures, and contributing to progressive change in society.
| 36 |
Author(s):
Shubhangini Dimri, Navya Kothiyal.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Psychology
Page No:
305-317 |
Persistence of Shame and Guilt in the Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse: A Review of Case Studies
Abstract
Child sexual abuse (CSA) remains a severe and concerning problem, with global estimates indicating that approximately 1 in 5 girls and 1 in 13 boys experience some form of sexual abuse during childhood (World Health Organization, 2020). This qualitative research explores the emotional aftermath of CSA, with a specific focus on the roles of shame and guilt in shaping survivors’ psychological experiences.
Through a systematic review of case studies on “Guilt and shame in Child sexual abuse victims”, authors have tried to explore how shame and guilt may persist in the CSA victims, making not only their childhood, but also their adulthood, a nightmare they can’t escape. Utilizing a case study approach, this study analyzes the lived experiences of four adults who were CSA survivors. Thematic analysis revealed that shame often manifested as a deep sense of self-blame, secrecy, and social withdrawal. Guilt was also found to be closely linked to internalized responsibility for the abuse and fear of familial and societal rejection. The findings underscore the necessity of early, trauma-informed interventions that directly address shame and guilt-related issues and malfunctions. This research further advocates for creating safe spaces and therapeutic support systems that can help survivors process complex emotions and reduce the risk of long-term harm.Keywords: shame, guilt, sexual abuse, child sexual abuse(CSA), POSCO Act
| 37 |
Author(s):
SATRAJIT BANERJEE.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Political Science
Page No:
318-325 |
Swami Vivekananda’s Vision of Education: A Holistic Approach
Abstract
Abstract: Swami Vivekananda was one of the greatest luminaries of Bengal under colonial rule. In the nineteenth century, a large number of young, educated, rational, and progressive people took the initiative of reforming society, and hence they dealt with issues like illiteracy, the caste system, poverty, the subjugation of women, and so on. It was noteworthy that almost all these reformers considered education as the panacea for almost all social ailments. However, there were differences between the anglophile and those who believed in the indigenous and traditional mode of education. Vivekananda, a patriot-prophet, the most prominent disciple of Sri Ramakrishna Paramhansa Dev, an illuminated-self and a centre of attraction to many Bengali erudite, delving into the ocean of spirituality, discovered that education might lead to the attainment of emancipation by incorporating knowledge of understanding the real-self and by removing divergent challenges of the mundane world. This article will highlight Vivekananda’s notion of education. It will also illustrate the role of concentration, bramhacharya, and self-confidence as the inextricable elements of education. In this article, Vivekananda’s views on female education and mass-education have been delineated. The article will project Vivekananda’s recapitulation of Gurukul system as an alternative model of the existing institutional structure. The article will try to demonstrate how Vivekananda conceptualized the philosophy of man-making through his vision of education.
Key Words: Vivekananda, Education, concentration-bramacharya, man-making, female education, mass-education
| 38 |
Author(s):
Ghanashyam Sahu, Chandramani Bhue, Aloklaxmi Behera.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Education
Page No:
326-338 |
Ancient Indian Knowledge Systems and Modern Learning: An Analysis of Pañcha Kalā
Abstract
The philosophy of Pañcha Kalā, rooted in Śaiva Siddhānta and elaborated in Thirumūlar’s Tirumantiram, provides a profound framework for understanding consciousness. Traditionally explained as five stages of spiritual ascent—Pratiṣṭhā, Nivṛtti, Vidyā, Śānti, and Śāntyatīta—these stages also parallel contemporary insights in cognitive psychology, memory, metacognition, and spiritual intelligence. This paper interprets Pañcha Kalā through both traditional and modern lenses, demonstrating how it reflects processes of thought installation, forgetting, knowledge assimilation, subconscious influence, and transcendence. Using a conceptual and interpretive methodology, the study integrates philosophical analysis with educational psychology to propose a model of holistic education. The findings emphasize the significance of balancing acquisition and elimination of knowledge, strengthening metacognitive awareness, and nurturing spiritual intelligence. Educationally, Pañcha Kalā offers insights for curriculum design, teaching methods, and the roles of teachers and students, pointing toward a pedagogy that harmonizes intellectual, emotional, and spiritual growth. The paper concludes that Pañcha Kalā has enduring relevance in modern education, bridging ancient wisdom with contemporary learning sciences to foster resilience, reflective capacity, and lifelong learning.
| 39 |
Author(s):
Dr. Uddipta Nayan Medhi.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Cultural Studies
Page No:
339-349 |
Epistemic Foundation of Indian Knowledge System: A Study in Primary Narratives and Secondary Exegesis
Abstract
This study examines the epistemic foundations of the Indian knowledge system through a comprehensive analysis of primary narratives and secondary exegetical traditions. Employing a mixed-methods approach combining textual analysis, hermeneutical interpretation, and quantitative content analysis, this research investigates the structural and conceptual frameworks that underpin Indian epistemology. The study analyzes 127 primary Sanskrit texts and 89 secondary commentaries spanning from 1500 BCE to 1500 CE. Results indicate that Indian epistemology is characterized by six fundamental pramāṇas (means of knowledge): pratyakṣa (perception), anumāna (inference), upamāna (analogy), śabda (verbal testimony), arthāpatti (postulation), and anupalabdhi (non-cognition). Statistical analysis reveals significant variations in epistemological emphasis across different philosophical schools, with Vedānta emphasizing śabda pramāṇa (42.3%), while Sāṅkhya prioritizes pratyakṣa (38.7%). The study contributes to understanding the systematic nature of Indian knowledge production and its relevance to contemporary epistemological discourse. Keywords: Indian epistemology, pramāṇa theory, primary narratives, secondary exegesis, knowledge systems
| 40 |
Author(s):
Vikash Kumar Gupta, Dr. Latika Varma.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Psychology
Page No:
350-358 |
Procrastination and the Preparation Process: A Study of Civil Service Aspirants
Abstract
Academic procrastination, characterized by the intentional delay of academic tasks despite knowing its adverse consequences, is a widespread issue among students. This behavior becomes particularly concerning among civil service aspirants who face prolonged, high-stakes preparation with limited structure and external feedback. This study investigates the prevalence of academic procrastination and examines whether the duration of preparation significantly influences procrastination levels among civil service aspirants in Patna district, Bihar. To full-fill the objective of this study a sample of 400 civil service aspirants, who were actively preparing for civil service exams like UPSC and BPSC, were taken to maintain the relevance of the study. Data were collected using a standardized academic procrastination scale, Big Five Personality Inventory and a self-developed personal data sheet. To check the hypothesis of this study collected data were analyzed with the help of SPSS. Findings revealed a significantly high level of procrastination in this group M=84.283 in comparison to the hypothesized mean i.e. 74.1 , challenging the H1 that average levels are typical. Moreover, aspirants with longer preparation durations exhibited significantly higher t=5.07 at the level of p<0.001 procrastination compared to those preparing for shorter periods. Findings of this study align with Temporal Motivation Theory and burnout literature, suggesting that sustained academic pressure without short-term reinforcement contributes to emotional fatigue and task avoidance. The findings emphasize the need for structured routines, self-regulation strategies, and institutional support to mitigate procrastination among long-term aspirants. This study fills a critical gap in literature by focusing on a population that is often overlooked in academic psychology, offering both theoretical insights and practical implications for educators, policymakers, and mental health professionals supporting civil service aspirants.
| 41 |
Author(s):
DR. RINA KAR (DUTTA).
Country:
India
Research Area:
Philosophy
Page No:
359-363 |
Consequentialist Approach in Buddhist Ethics
Abstract
The aim of Buddhist philosophy is liberation of soul. Liberation is perception, peace and self-less drive. Liberation is depended on karmas of that particular person. It is shaped by a person’s particular activity towards moral effort and as a result of this he can achieve liberation. Action, force of will, freedom of will and moral effort towards actions are the key concepts in Buddhist theory. Buddha emphasises on the law (Dhamma) which is depended on his first principle ‘Theory of Dependent Origination or the ‘Theory of Pratityasamutpada’. It is a theory of causality which believes that every effect has a cause. In this context he introduces the wheel of Law (Dhammachakra) which is considered to be irresistible. He believes that the life of man is predetermined; all the consequences he faces are the effect of his previous deeds. It leads his theory to be consequential. This paper is going to discuss whether his theory can regarded be as consequential.
| 42 |
Author(s):
Dr. M. L. Vasita, Dinesh Kumar Meena.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Commerce
Page No:
364-371 |
Explore How Organizations Adapted Their Strategies to Maintain Employee Commitment During the Pandemic
Abstract
In competitive Market every Business Organization aspires to create a high level of performance and low level of absenteeism and turnover. Employees are one of the most important resources for the organization's long-term success and effectiveness. Organizational commitment is considered a key factor to achieving this objective. With the competition of globalization, many policies such as process re-engineering, strategic alliance, outsourcing, merger and reorganization, and flat organization emerged, making organizations less willing to meet the commitments of their employees. As a result, the organizations had to renegotiate and modify some of the terms of the original employment agreement. Understanding the origins and effects of job commitment may be quite beneficial. Employers have identified the ways in which they may establish a feeling of commitment between their workers and the firm, and understanding what the behavioral outcomes of that commitment will be, can produce a more efficient and productive workplace. However, Organizational commitment can be conditioned by several factors among which are the psychological contract.
| 43 |
Author(s):
Manash Chatterjee.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Sociology
Page No:
372-380 |
Integrating Indigenous Knowledge and Scientific Innovation: Sociological Perspectives on Climate Adaptation in India
Abstract
This paper critically explores the sociological dynamics underpinning the integration of indigenous knowledge systems with scientific innovation in climate adaptation efforts within India. Indigenous communities have developed rich ecological knowledge through centuries of close interaction with their environments, offering context-specific insights essential for effective climate resilience. Using a combination of ethnographic research, case studies, and policy analysis, this study examines models of co-production of knowledge in areas such as agriculture, watershed management, and biodiversity conservation. The paper foregrounds key sociological themes, including power relations, epistemic justice, and participatory governance, addressing the challenges of knowledge hierarchies and marginalisation of indigenous voices in mainstream adaptation planning. By analysing both successes and tensions in the merging of traditional and scientific paradigms, the research advocates for inclusive, pluralistic frameworks that honour indigenous contributions while leveraging scientific advancements. This inquiry aims to contribute to more equitable and context-sensitive climate adaptation policies in India and beyond.
| 44 |
Author(s):
Manmohan khorwal, Dr. M. L. Vasita.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Commerce
Page No:
381-386 |
Impact of Brand Loyalty on Purchase Decisions of Readymade Garment Consumers in Rajasthan
Abstract
This study aims at examining how brand loyalty affects consumer buying behavior in readymade garment industry located in Rajasthan. Since the growth in number of clothing businesses and brand-awareness among the urban shopper, the perceptions of loyalty and the impact to subsequent purchase, readiness to pay premium pricing, and brand turn over is of paramount importance. The study was conducted among the respondents of Jaipur, Jodhpur, Udaipur and Kota of 300 respondents with a structured questionnaire. As represented in the analysis which is showing results based on descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests, brand loyalty being higher is surprisingly strongly correlated to the increase in purchase failures and the willingness to pay. It is indicated in the findings that high quality brands, those that can instill loyalty due to consistent branding or the emotional appeal to be expected in terms of repeat business and price elasticity. The study enhances consumer behaviour literature and provides a product design strategy to marketers of apparels in semi-urban Indian markets.
| 45 |
Author(s):
Hitumoni Nath, Dr. Siba Ranjan Mahanta.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Education
Page No:
387-394 |
Understanding the Current Scenario Concerning the Issues of Working Women in India: A Systematic Review of Available Literature
Abstract
This systematic review examines the contemporary challenges faced by working women in India, focusing on labor force participation, gender-based discrimination, work-life balance, and socio-cultural barriers. Drawing from quantitative and qualitative studies published between 2015 and 2025, the review identifies persistent issues such as low female labor force participation (FLFP), gender wage gaps, workplace harassment, and the disproportionate burden of unpaid domestic work. Despite economic growth and policy interventions, structural and cultural factors continue to hinder women’s economic empowerment. The findings highlight the need for gender-sensitive policies, improved workplace protections, and societal shifts to address these challenges. Recommendations include enhanced vocational training, enforcement of equal pay legislation, and infrastructure improvements to reduce domestic burdens.
| 46 |
Author(s):
Porishmita Saikia, Prof. Kaberi Saha.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Education
Page No:
395-403 |
Factors Affecting Academic Achievement: A Systematic Literature Review
Abstract
Academic achievement is a key indicator of both individual student success and the overall effectiveness of educational institutions. This systematic literature review aims to identify, classify, and synthesize the primary determinants impacting academic accomplishment by drawing on empirical research published in the recent decade, 2013–2023. A thorough search was carried out utilizing major scholarly databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC, and Google Scholar. A total of 62 peer-reviewed publications were chosen using predetermined inclusion criteria. Thematic analysis of these research revealed a wide range of interconnected elements that influence academic performance. These include personal attributes (motivation, self-regulation), psychological aspects (emotional intelligence, stress, mental health), socioeconomic variables (parental education, family income), institutional factors (teaching quality, school environment), and technological enablers (digital access, online learning platforms). The review also delves into developing topics such as metacognition, parental participation, and digital learning trends. This synthesis provides educators, politicians, and researchers with a comprehensive understanding of the factors that influence academic achievement and makes specific recommendations for pedagogical and policy interventions.
| 47 |
Author(s):
डॉ. शरद कुमार.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Economics
Page No:
404-416 |
भारत में प्रत्यक्ष विदेशी निवेश प्रवाह के प्रवृत्ति का आकलन
Abstract
प्रत्यक्ष विदेशी निवेश को निवेशक के देश के अलावा किसी अन्य देश में संचालित किसी फर्म में प्रबंधन नियंत्रण का एक हिस्सा प्राप्त करने के लिए किए गए निवेश के रूप में परिभाषित किया जाता है। भारत में, पर्याप्त मात्रा में मानव संसाधन उपलब्ध हैं, साथ ही पर्याप्त संसाधन भी। यदि पूंजी जुटाई जाए तो भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था महत्वपूर्ण विकास कर सकती है। प्रत्यक्ष विदेशी निवेश पूंजी विस्तार का सबसे सरल और कम खर्चीला तरीका है। इस अध्ययन का मुख्य उद्देश्य भारत में प्रत्यक्ष विदेशी निवेश प्रवाह के प्रवृत्ति का आकलन करना है। प्रत्यक्ष विदेशी निवेश ने कुछ भारतीय बैंकों के प्रदर्शन को कैसे प्रभावित किया है। इस अध्ययन में उद्देश्यों के अनुसार उचित सांख्यिकीय विधियों का उपयोग करके प्राप्त आंकड़ों का मूल्यांकन किया गया है, और उन्हें व्याख्याओं के साथ क्रमिक रूप से दिया गया है।
| 48 |
Author(s):
Subha Saikia, Dr. R. K. Sujata Devi.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Education
Page No:
417-425 |
Role of Special Educators in Influencing School Students’ Attitudes Toward Inclusive Education
Abstract
Inclusive education emphasizes the integration of all learners, regardless of their abilities, into mainstream classrooms. Within this framework, special educators play a pivotal role—not only in supporting the academic needs of students with disabilities but also in shaping the social environment of schools. This paper explores how special educators influence the attitudes of mainstream students toward their peers with disabilities. Drawing on secondary sources, including empirical studies, policy reviews, and national education reports, the paper highlights the strategies employed by special educators—such as peer sensitization, buddy systems, inclusive teaching practices, and counseling—to foster empathy, reduce stigma, and promote collaborative learning. The findings indicate that the presence and active engagement of special educators significantly contribute to positive peer perceptions, greater social interaction, and a more inclusive classroom ethos. However, the paper also identifies persistent challenges, including inadequate resources, attitudinal resistance, and limited institutional support. Suggestions for systemic improvements, such as strengthened co-teaching models, professional development, and policy reinforcement, are offered to enhance the impact of special educators. Overall, this study underscores the role of special educators as agents of social change and advocates for a more supportive ecosystem to advance inclusive values in school communities.
| 49 |
Author(s):
Dr Rashpal Singh.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Economics
Page No:
426-434 |
Determinants of Public Expenditure in Punjab and Haryana: A Comparative Analysis (1991-2016)
Abstract
Abstract: This study examines the determinants of public expenditure in the Indian states of Punjab and Haryana from 1991-92 to 2015-16, focusing on economic and demographic factors such as per capita income, population, and urbanization. Drawing on Wagner’s Law and empirical data, the analysis employs a multivariate regression model to assess the impact of these variables on total state expenditure. Results indicate that urbanization significantly drives public expenditure in both states, while population growth has a negative effect, and per capita income shows no significant impact. Comparative analysis reveals Haryana’s higher allocation to development expenditure, contributing to its faster economic growth compared to Punjab. The findings underscore the importance of prioritizing development expenditure and addressing non-economic factors like governance and institutional efficiency to optimize public spending.
| 50 |
Author(s):
Vikas Singh.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Social Science
Page No:
435-444 |
Globalization and the Changing Dynamics of Rural India
Abstract
Globalisation, as the most dominant phenomenon/process of the contemporary world, is restructuring and reshaping Indian society in general and rural India in particular. This neoliberal transformation of Indian society is not equalising in nature.
| 51 |
Author(s):
Dr. Shivangi Singh.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Sociology
Page No:
445-449 |
Community Participation and Forest Governance : From State Centric to People Centric Approach through analysis of Joint Forest Management
Abstract
This paper tries to explore role of community participation in forest governance through analysis of various policies and Acts and their impact on present scenario. Paper discusses how policies and act by government have evolved from revenue generation to conservation of forests. How forests management have taken centre stage in this era of global warming, natural disasters and human made calamities..It also emphasises on the importance of synergy between environment and people by taking forward concept of Sustainable Development. It explore the field of Environment Sociology which is fairly new but necessity of today’s world. In this paper there is a discussion about improvement in policies to strength the core of forest conservation through the help of participatory action of community and government. It also try to draw conclusion and some suggestion.
| 52 |
Author(s):
Dr. Amit Kumar Ash.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Political Science
Page No:
450-460 |
Digital Governance in India: A Study on e-Governance Initiatives with Special Reference to West Bengal
Abstract
The present study attempts to depict the e-Governance initiatives in India with special reference to West Bengal. This research adopts a descriptive-cum-analytical approach based exclusively on secondary data. The study reveals that India is steadily advancing towards comprehensive digital governance through a range of national programmes and policy measures. Landmark initiatives such as Aadhaar, the Digital India programme, and the National e-Governance Plan have significantly contributed to the development of a robust e-Governance ecosystem, aiming to enhance transparency, efficiency, and citizen-centric service delivery across the country.
At the state level, West Bengal has also made notable strides in strengthening its digital governance framework. Policies such as the West Bengal Policy on Information and Communication Technology, 2012, and the West Bengal ICT Incentive Scheme, 2012, have laid a strong foundation for expanding ICT infrastructure and services. E-Governance projects like the Banglar Shiksha Portal, Banglar Uchhashiksha Portal, e-Paddy System, e-District Portal, OASIS Portal, GRIPS Portal, and various online admission systems have demonstrated considerable potential in delivering essential public services more effectively and accessibly to citizen.
| 53 |
Author(s):
Ariana Singhi.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Political Science
Page No:
461-470 |
Factors that Affect the Efficacy of UN Frameworks in Addressing Gender-Based Issues Globally
Abstract
This research paper aims to identify the factors that affect the efficacy of UN frameworks in addressing gender-based issues globally through the lenses of intersectional feminism, post-colonial feminism, and cultural relativism. Specifically, this paper will focus on the Beijing Platform for Action and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women. The identified factors fall into five categories: structural and institutional barriers, weak reporting mechanisms, legal and normative gaps, political and governmental failures, and socio-cultural or religious obstacles.
| 54 |
Author(s):
Manojit kalita, Dr. Uddipta Nayan Medhi.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Commerce
Page No:
471-481 |
Saving and Investment Dynamics Among Higher Education Students: A Micro-Level Study of Pragjyotish College”
Abstract
This research looks at how college students save and invest their money. It focuses on who they trust for financial help and advice, such as family, friends, banks, apps, and websites. Today, it’s important for young people to become financially independent and understand how to manage money. The study finds out what saving and investment habits students have, how much they know about finances, and who influences their decisions.
To do this, a questionnaire was given to students from different courses and years. It asked about how often they save, where they get their money from, what kind of investments they prefer, and which financial sources they trust. It also looked at the problems they face while handling money and whether they want to learn more about finance.
The results show that many students do save money, but only a few actually invest. Friends and digital tools like apps are becoming popular sources of financial help. However, many students still don’t know enough about managing money. The study suggests that colleges should include financial education and help students learn how to handle money better.
Key Words: Saving, Investment, financial literacy, Awareness etc.
| 55 |
Author(s):
Dr. Sanjiban Mahaldar.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Social Science
Page No:
482-495 |
Coal Miners of Burdwan District: Characteristics of Employment During 1870 -1972
Abstract
This research paper, " Coal Miners of Burdwan District: Characteristics of Employment during 1870 -1972" examines the evolution of women's employment in Indian coal mines. Historically, women from communities like the Bhuinyas, Santhals, and Dhangars,kora migrated to coalfields and worked alongside their families. Following a government ban on underground work for women, their employment was restricted to surface operations. This led to a significant decline in the female mining work force from 77,800 in 1946 to 20,100 in 1971.The paper scrutinizes the recruitment systems for women, including the role of the Coal Field Recruiting Organization and Employment Exchanges, and analyzes their lives, occupational patterns, skill levels, and employment status. It also discusses issues such as their absence from the workplace, and the deprivation they faced. The study is particularly relevant as it details the socio-economic conditions and the systemic exploitation of women workers in the coal industry during this period.
| 56 |
Author(s):
Mr. Kehar Singh, Dr. Mudasir Ahmad Rather.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Political Science
Page No:
496-505 |
Understanding the Socio-Economic Challenges of the Gujjar Tribe in Himachal Pradesh
Abstract
This study explores the socio-economic conditions of the Gujjar tribe in Himachal Pradesh with a special focus on their living standards, income levels, access to basic amenities, and regional distribution. Drawing on primary data collected from 75 respondents through field surveys, the paper reveals significant disparities in housing quality, fuel usage, and access to electricity, drinking water, and income levels among the Gujjars. The results indicate persistent marginalization, poor infrastructure, and limited access to development schemes, especially in districts with higher Gujjar concentration such as Solan, Kangra, and Mandi. The study underscores the urgent need for targeted government policies, improved infrastructure, and livelihood enhancement programs to ensure inclusive development of the Gujjar community in Himachal Pradesh.
| 57 |
Author(s):
Manash Chatterjee.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Sociology
Page No:
506-515 |
Social Media as a Catalyst for Environmental Activism: Opportunities and Challenges in the Digital Age
Abstract
Social media has revolutionised environmental activism by facilitating unprecedented levels of grassroots mobilisation, worldwide network building, and quick information dissemination. Social media sites like Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, and X (formerly Twitter) have emerged as vital venues for promoting public awareness, influencing public opinion, and encouraging group action on urgent environmental issues like pollution, climate change, and biodiversity loss. Using theoretical frameworks from digital communication studies and environmental sociology, this article explores how social media can be both a challenge and an opportunity for environmental activism.
| 58 |
Author(s):
Dr. Sankar Das.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Sociology
Page No:
516-523 |
The Division of Labour in Society and Contemporary Issues: An Analysis from Durkheimian Perspective
Abstract
The society we live in today witness enormous specialization of roles which in turn leads to the increase of human dependency in contemporary world. The Durkheimian concept of transition from mechanical to organic solidarity shows this perfectly and is clearly relevant here in discussing the kinds of solidarity that maintains the cohesiveness in today’s world. This paper discusses about the Durkheim’s division of labour in comprehensive manner and how changing social solidarity have influenced and changed the way a society works and interacts. This paper touches the issue of this changing solidarity through rapid urbanization and how technological advances have added to this specialization of roles. Durkheim considered this division of labour as law of nature., people either desire for jobs which are intense, concentrated rather scattered over a wide area or, they are forced to do so. In either case it is considered to increase cooperation because it increases human dependency. However, Durkheim have also introduced the abnormal forms which results from it, for example due to extreme specialization of labour they become easily isolated and strive to discover their existential value in the labour market. This paper will be discussing about the results of technological advancements leading to extremely specialized roles in the virtual world.
| 59 |
Author(s):
Er. Mohit Vaidya.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Social Work
Page No:
524-533 |
Rural Development Through Solar Energy in India: A Case Study of Dr. Sachin Yashwant Shigwan’s Contributions
Abstract
India’s rural development story over the past decade has been tightly coupled with the diffusion of decentralized solar energy—home systems, mini-grids, pumps, and productive-use appliances. This paper reviews the policy landscape, market trends, and development outcomes of rural solar in India and situates the contributions of social entrepreneur Dr. Sachin Yashwant Shigwan and his enterprise Green India Initiative Pvt. Ltd. (GIIPL) within that broader arc. Drawing on open-access sources (international agencies, government portals, and sector reports), we synthesize evidence on access, livelihoods, health, and education impacts, and we critically discuss implementation challenges and solutions (finance, last-mile delivery, service quality). We find that: (i) India has closed most of its rural access gap through grid and off-grid programs but reliability and affordability gaps persist; (ii) decentralized solar—especially solar pumping and productive-use appliances—has strong potential to translate access into income; and (iii) impact-first intermediaries like GIIPL play an under-recognized “bridge” role between CSR/philanthropy, communities, and technology providers, advancing last-mile execution, training, and maintenance. We conclude with recommendations to scale durable impact, protect consumers, and align with SDG 7 and allied SDGs by 2030 and Viksit Bharat @2047 goals. World BankIEASDG Knowledge Hub
| 60 |
Author(s):
Sarajit Biswas.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Education
Page No:
534-538 |
Digital Tools for Educational Awareness of Backward Class with Special reference to Namasudra
Abstract
In the present day, digital equipment plays a crucial role in the field of education. India is a vast country with diverse regions, religions, castes, creeds, and social classes. Among these, backward communities remain one of the major sections still lagging behind in accessing educational opportunities. However, digital aids such as television, radio, mobile phones, computers, laptops, and the internet help minimize barriers by providing affordable and accessible education. The Namasudra community, belonging to the Scheduled Castes, continues to face social, economic, and educational disadvantages in India. This paper highlights the current educational status of backward classes, particularly the Namasudra community, and examines the contribution of digital tools in enhancing educational access, participation, and awareness.
| 61 |
Author(s):
Lovely C. Bugarin, Leona Collado, Nickole Caye V. Fernando.
Country:
Philippines
Research Area:
Social Work
Page No:
539-543 |
Job Satisfaction Among DSWD Day Care Worker
Abstract
The study was conducted to determine the Job Satisfaction of Department of Social Welfare and Development ( DSWD) Day Care Workers in San Jose City, Nueva Ecija. Descriptive correlation design was used in this study. A total of 61 Day Care workers from the Local Government of San Jose City, Nueva Ecija served as the respondents of the study. Descriptive statistics like Frequency, percentage, means, standard deviation and Pearson-r were used to analyze the data and to discuss the results. Result showed that the age of the respondents ranged from 26 to 65 years old above female, married, college graduate, and 6 to 10 years in service. The job satisfaction of day care workers in terms of salary, benefits and, workload of respondents were described “Highly Satisfied ".In addition, the result shows that sex and job satisfaction have a significant relationship and have a moderate negative correlation. Lastly, the result shows that years in service and job satisfaction have a significant relationship and have a moderate positive correlation.
| 62 |
Author(s):
Dr. Ananya Roy Pratihar, Aditi Roy.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Environmental Studies
Page No:
544-555 |
Indian Philosophical Pathways to Eco Wisdom and Sustainable Development
Abstract
This paper examines ancient Indian philosophical texts, including the Vedas and Upanishads, to uncover principles like Dharma and Rta relevant to contemporary sustainability. The paper argues that concepts like Dharma (righteous duty) and Rta (cosmic order) may be used as a guide for current conceptualizations of sustainability, resonating with ethical restraint, moderation of nature's limitations, and a feeling of responsibility to posterity. Linking these ideas to India’s environmental policies-— the study bridges classical thought and contemporary practice by analyzing how these philosophical principles resonate with, and critique, Indian’s environmental policies such as the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) and renewable initiatives. Drawing on both textual analysis and policy critique, the paper proposes a culturally rooted sustainability model that integrates Indigenous knowledge systems, ethical traditions, and adaptive ecological governance.
Moreover, viewed through this lens, the article reveals the potential of India's well-endowed philosophical heritage in the global sustainability discourse, initiating an approach to development that is as ecologically conscious as it is culturally meaningful.
Ultimately, it argues that true sustainability in India cannot be achieved through policy mechanisms alone. Instead, it requires a deeper cultural shift— one that restores philosophical ethics as central to climate action and reimagines the Earth not as a resource, but as a sacred entity helping all beings to flourish.
| 63 |
Author(s):
Bhavya Singh.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Sociology
Page No:
556-562 |
Death in the Digital Age: Memorialization and Mourning in Online Spaces – A Sociological Perspective
Abstract
Globally, the advent of digital technologies has completely changed how people grieve and remember. AI-powered narrative tools, virtual memorial websites, and social media platforms have changed how people commemorate and remember the dead. With an emphasis on participation differences among various socioeconomic categories in Varanasi, India, this study investigates the sociological ramifications of online mourning. The study explores the ways in which online and offline rituals interact, change, and coexist using a hybrid model of grieving as an analytical framework. Persistent disparities in digital access are indicated by the substantial participation gap found in field data, which is 85% among high-income groups, 50% among middle-income groups, and 20% among low-income groups. The study makes use of theories of inclusive cultural adaptation, ritual and social cohesion (Durkheim), collective memory (Halbwachs), and technology design.
| 64 |
Author(s):
Bhavya Singh.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Sociology
Page No:
563-571 |
Afterlife Beliefs and Death Anxiety: A Sociological Study in Varanasi, India
Abstract
The sociological aspects of afterlife beliefs and their influence on death dread are examined in this research article, which focuses on Varanasi, India, a city of cultural and religious significance. Residents' perspectives on death and dying are influenced by Varanasi's distinct spiritual atmosphere, which is firmly anchored in Hindu ideas of reincarnation and moksha (liberation). Using an interdisciplinary assessment of sociological theories and empirical research, this paper investigates how ritual activities, inherent religiosity, and the assurance of afterlife beliefs help reduce death dread in a variety of demographic groups, especially the elderly and bereaved. The study also explores the coping strategies that Varanasi's religious rites and social networks offer, which promote psychological fortitude in the face of death. This study emphasizes the relationship between religion, social identity, and existential coping by combining quantitative results on death anxiety scales with qualitative cultural insights. The results add to broader discussions on the role of religion in end-of-life experiences and highlight the significance of comprehending local religious contexts in alleviating death-related fears.
| 65 |
Author(s):
Shakya Singha Dey.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Commerce
Page No:
572-584 |
Indian Energy-Oil-Gas Stock Behaviour During Nifty 50 Index Reconstitution: Interpreting Volatility Dynamics Through Var Analysis
Abstract
The paper examines how inclusion and exclusion of the NIFTY 50 index (i.e., index reconstitution) can affect the short term return behavior (i.e., volatility dynamics) of the sample companies selected within Indian Energy, Oil and Gas sector namely Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd., Indian Oil Corporation Ltd., Suzlon Energy Ltd. and Coal India Ltd. The Vector Autoregression (VAR) analysis using the daily stock returns was run separately on the dataset preceding the event data and the post event data, to study the change in lagged relationship of the returns and the explanatory ability. This shows that the R square values tend to be low in all the companies meaning that there is not much predictability of lagged returns in the short term. Hindustan Petroleum, Indian Oil, and Suzlon Energy demonstrated minimal changes over time, whereas, Coal India was seen to significantly improvise r-square and a second-lag positive post- event result, which was also close to significant.
Sector-wide testing indicated that index changes did not always lead to higher predictability in returns hence, weak-form efficiency within this context. The implication of the findings is that index events cannot be an accurate indicator of short term trading in this industry. The studies have implications to the investors, policymakers and researchers as there must be consideration of more macro economies and sector specific factors as well as alteration of the index. Suggestions are provided as to utilization of multi-factor models, and observation of market manipulation during index events and protruding research with longer or higher frequency event periods to achieve delayed or intraday impact.
| 66 |
Author(s):
Frederick Arthur.
Country:
United States of America
Research Area:
Education
Page No:
585-598 |
Ideological Polarization, Academic Freedom, and the Political War on Higher Education: A Comparative Review of Literature
Abstract
Universities have emerged as crucial institutions for political, social, and ideological struggles that influence their independence, administration, and public reputation. With the aid of comparative case studies from Turkey, Hungary, the US, China, South Africa, and Australia, this review of literature investigates how political interventions by state and non-state actors redefine the purpose and autonomy of higher education. It emphasizes how colleges function as both contested sites of resistance and tools of political control by drawing on academic freedom scholarship, democratic backsliding, and governance theory. By highlighting context-specific solutions to issues like market pressures, authoritarian attacks, and the politicization of efforts to promote diversity, the review makes the case for renewed university commitments to democratic governance. It argues that revitalizing university governance requires adaptive and pluralistic models that respond to contemporary challenges while reaffirming the university’s public mission and role in sustaining democracy. This research focuses heavily on political science governance models since the discipline provides methods to generate ideas about and study universities as semi-autonomous political institutions that are part of larger social and political systems. It presents a programmatic vision for higher education's future as a stronghold of critical inquiry and democratic engagement by placing contemporary issues within theoretical and historical frameworks.
| 67 |
Author(s):
जयप्रकाश जायसवाल, डॉ. अंजली पुनेरा.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Geography
Page No:
599-608 |
जनपद उधम सिंह नगर में भूजल प्रबंधन पद्धतियाँ और सतत कृषि: सूक्ष्म-स्तरीय नियोजन दृष्टिकोण
Abstract
यह शोध पत्र उत्तराखंड के उधम सिंह नगर जिले में भूजल प्रबंधन पद्धतियों और सतत कृषि के साथ उनके एकीकरण का सूक्ष्म-स्तरीय नियोजन दृष्टिकोण का उपयोग करते हुए अन्वेषण करता है। 3,055 वर्ग किमी क्षेत्र में फैला यह ज़िला एक उपजाऊ कृषि केंद्र और एक उभरता हुआ औद्योगिक क्षेत्र है, जो इसके भूजल संसाधनों पर भारी दबाव डाल रहा है। 2021-2025 के हालिया आँकड़े सिंचाई के लिए अत्यधिक दोहन (जल उपयोग का 65%) और औद्योगिक माँगों के कारण भूजल स्तर में गिरावट को दर्शाते हैं, जो अनियमित वर्षा और शहरीकरण के कारण और भी जटिल हो गई है। अध्ययन में जलभृत मानचित्रण, जल गुणवत्ता आकलन और भूमि उपयोग पैटर्न का विश्लेषण किया गया है, और कृत्रिम पुनर्भरण, टपक सिंचाई और नीतिगत हस्तक्षेप जैसी रणनीतियों का प्रस्ताव दिया गया है। भू-स्थानिक तकनीकों और सांख्यिकीय मॉडलों का उपयोग करते हुए, शोध में 82% क्षेत्र को भूजल पुनर्भरण के लिए उपयुक्त बताया गया है, और कृषि उत्पादकता को संसाधन स्थिरता के साथ संतुलित करने के लिए स्थानीय नियोजन की वकालत की गई है। निष्कर्ष जल संसाधन की कमी को कम करने और खाद्य सुरक्षा सुनिश्चित करने के लिए एकीकृत जल संसाधन प्रबंधन की आवश्यकता को रेखांकित करते हैं।
| 68 |
Author(s):
DR. ANUPAMA VERMA .
Country:
India
Research Area:
Philosophy
Page No:
609-613 |
Modern Concepts of Philosophy
Abstract
Abstract-
Philosophical analysis emerged in the early twentieth century as a response to what some philosophers perceived as excessive metaphysical speculation and imprecise language in traditional philosophy. Analytical philosophers believe that many philosophical problems arise from conceptual confusion or linguistic imprecision. Logical empiricism. It combined elements of empiricism and logical analysis. Positive relativism emerged in the mid-to-late twentieth century as a response to both dogmatic absolutism and extreme relativism. Educational dialogue: Positive relativism has supported dialogical approaches to education that bring diverse perspectives into conversation, recognizing both differences and possibilities for mutual understanding.
| 69 |
Author(s):
Prof. Y. Yagama Reddy.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Political Science
Page No:
614-623 |
Australia-India Relations typified by Succession of Subtle Contacts, Sustained Connections and Strong Ties
Abstract
A nation-state in its inter-state relationships embraces the terms -- contacts, connections and ties. Despite shared linkages based on geographical location and historical legacy between Australia and India, their bilateral relationship is replete with the envisioned prospects and failure of expectations testifying to invidious preferences and rapprochement. This paper seeks to analyse the Australia-India relations which are best fit into three phases – (subtle) contacts, (sustained) connections and (solid) ties. These Indian Ocean littorals, which were oblivious of each other until and after the British colonization of Australia in 1788, had their contacts begun initially in the form of trade (1792) and remarkable contribution of itinerant Indians to the economic development of Australia in 19th century. Besides the envisioned potential prospects of Australia-India relations and well-expressed intentions for strengthening the future relations, so commendable was the benevolent assistance of Australia. Even so, Indians in Australia remained victims of the White Policy infirmities until 1973; and the Indian Ocean littorals endured drift and discord attitude all through the Cold War period, inasmuch as their arguments became deeper than differences on account of poverty of communications and exotic impressions. The post-Cold War imperatives of globalization propelled two colonial cousins to embark on strategies for reinforcing the bilateral relationship through a series of initiatives which manifested in sustained connections which reflected a convergence of strategic perspectives so much as to become natural partners. Bearing testimony to the solid ties between them are their participation in a raft of multilaterals and minilaterals, besides the substantial growth in the bilateral trade and investment as well as convergence in their strategic, diplo¬matic and mil¬i¬tary link¬ages.
| 70 |
Author(s):
Pirt Bahadur Bist, Sita Bist.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Sociology
Page No:
624-633 |
Sedentary Raute of Sudurpaschim and Social Change
Abstract
The Rautes living in Nepal are the only nomadic ethnic group in Nepal. They live in Karnali and Sudurpaschim province of Nepal. The Rautes in Sudurpaschim were settled permanently by the Nepal government four decades ago. Although, the Rautes living in Karnali province are still in a nomadic state, this article focuses on a study of the Rautes of permanent settlements in Sudurpaschim, Nepal. This study interprets and analyzes by collecting qualitative data from observation, in-depth interviews, and key informants’ interviews. The Rautes of Sudurpaschim have their own original language, cuisine, norms and values, lifestyle, and religious culture. Rautes used to live in caves, forests, and River banks of Chmalyoo, Mhahakali, Seti in Sudurpaschim in the past. Now they live in permanent settlement and houses. The Rautes used to live on making wooden utensils and agricultural tools and bartering them. They have started farming, daily wage jobs, and jobs after coming to permanent residence. They are getting used to the modern lifestyle. Inter-caste marriages are increasing, and they are mixing with other societies. Participation in schools, cooperative mothers' groups, health services, and politics have increased.
| 71 |
Author(s):
Ms. RANI CHEDA, Mr. PUMUNG NGEMU, Prof. SAILAJANANDA SAIKIA.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Women’s Studies
Page No:
634-639 |
Entrepreneurship Among Tribal Women Artisans: A Case Study of Bell Metal Workers of Pichola Village, Arunachal Pradesh
Abstract
Entrepreneurship, in a simple sense, is to organize, develop, or run any business with the motive of profit-making. Traditionally, the rural economy of tribal inhabited regions of Arunachal Pradesh is driven by agriculture. The tribal women in Arunachal Pradesh are known for their expertise in weaving and basketry, but their involvement in any form of metallurgy is not very popular. Pichola is a small village in the south-eastern fringe of Papum Pare District, mostly inhabited by a tribal population belonging to the Nyishi community. The tribal artisans of this village practice the art of making bell metal ornaments, which is exclusive to Pichola and a few adjoining villages in the context of Arunachal Pradesh. Bell metal craft is a popular art form in other regions of the country, such as Chhattisgarh and Assam. These artisans produce traditional ornaments that have great cultural and social significance in the tribal society. The womenfolk largely practice this art form and can be considered their primary source of livelihood. It can potentially strengthen the rural economy, particularly for the womenfolk, making them economically self-reliant. This study is an attempt to explore the art of bell metal craft as well as the women artisans as entrepreneurs who have developed their skills and art into a promising business. The study is primarily based on first-hand information acquired through field visits, personal interviews and observations.
Keywords: Bell metal craft, Pichola village, Tribal women artisans, Women entrepreneurs.
| 72 |
Author(s):
Varsha Gaur, Prof. Naved Jamal.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Human Rights
Page No:
640-650 |
Human Rights and Artificial Intelligence: Addressing Emerging Threats to Humanity in Indian Context
Abstract
The rapid convergence of artificial intelligence (AI), social media, and human rights has fundamentally transformed the global landscape, offering unprecedented opportunities while posing significant challenges. Human rights, inherent to all individuals regardless of nationality, gender, or socio-economic background, serve as universal safeguards against infringements on dignity and freedom. However, as technology reshapes how we interact, work, and communicate, ethical dilemmas surrounding privacy, equality, and freedom of expression have emerged. This article will underline the challenges and threats in respect to Human rights integration with Artificial intelligence. It will also underline the role of global institutions in digital age. Moving towards the conclusion this paper with highlight the importance of ethical codes as well as the way forward for India in addressing the challenges and threats in such emerging scenarios.
| 73 |
Author(s):
Dr. Ila Deka.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Political Science
Page No:
651-658 |
Fragmentation of the Political Parties: A Study of Asom Gana Parishad in Assam
Abstract
A political party is a very important instrument of a democracy. A democratic country cannot just survive without the existence of political parties. Political parties are essentially some organized groups. They have a common purpose to contest elections and to capture the power of the state and its government so that it can direct the country’s development process in line with their own ideological orientations and to formulate policies in accordance with their party manifestoes. It is natural to occur conflicts within political parties from time to time due to different perceptions or opinions on political issues, as well as due to personal rivalries for positions, power and influence. Conflicts are inevitable within political parties and they are also regarded as legitimate, but at the same time, they must be argued out in a correct manner. There is always a concurrence of power and influence within political parties which is a part of their everyday business. There are lots of sources or reasons which contribute towards creating conflicts among political parties. However, these conflicts must be resolved through democratic and transparent procedures.
The AGP is one of the most important regional political parties of the state of Assam. The party came to power in the state for two complete terms. It was also a part of the National Front Government from December 1989 to November 1990. The party was an important coalition partner of V.P Singh, H.D. Deve Gowda and Indar Kumar Gujral Coalition Government. The party faced splits for numerous times because of differences among its leaders. This paper has made an attempt to throw some light on the conflicts of political parties specially of Asom Gana Parishad (AGP) in Assam.
Key words- political party, conflict, conflict resolution, AGP
| 74 |
Author(s):
Tsering Diskit, Prof. Arvind Kumar Joshi.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Social Work
Page No:
659-668 |
Navigating the Challenges of the Healthcare System in Ladakh
Abstract
The paper highlights the significant challenges of the healthcare system in Ladakh. Ladakh is one of the territories of utmost geopolitical importance for India, as it shares the border with China, and ensuring access to basic necessities is crucial for the development of the region. The paper is based on secondary data and real-life experiences, particularly the challenges faced by people residing in the remote areas of Ladakh, such as Changthang, Nubra, and Zanskar. Although India is in the lead in terms of the world's healthcare system, many areas still need basic healthcare facilities, and Ladakh is one of those. The significant challenges highlighted in the paper are related to the inaccessibility of healthcare facilities, lack of advanced equipment, lack of manpower, lack of awareness, and inclination of the people towards traditional methods of medical care.
| 75 |
Author(s):
Sritoma Choudhury, Md Hussain Ahmed Choudhury.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Economics
Page No:
669-678 |
Growth Patterns of Area, Yield, and Productivity of Major Fruit Crops in Assam: An Analysis Using Vector Autoregression
Abstract
Abstract
Fruit cultivation holds a crucial place in Assam’s agricultural economy, supporting both rural livelihoods and nutritional needs. The research work analyses the growth dynamics of area, production, and productivity of nine major fruit crops, viz., banana, pineapple, papaya, orange, guava, Assam lemon, litchi, jackfruit, and mango, over the period 2010 to 2024. Using secondary data from the Statistical Handbook of Assam, the study applies the Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) analysis to trace growth patterns, and the Vector Autoregression (VAR) model to identify key determinants influencing fruit crop productivity. The CAGR results reveal considerable variability in the area, production, and productivity of fruit crops in Assam from 2010 to 2024. While guava demonstrated significant increases in both cultivable area and productivity, mango exhibited the maximum growth in production. Furthermore, the results of the VAR model show that cropping intensity and fertiliser consumption have a positive and significant impact on productivity, while irrigation intensity affects it negatively, indicating a bias towards rice-focused irrigation practices in the state. The scope of the study is far-reaching, offering valuable insights for enhancing productivity, promoting sustainable agricultural practices, and strengthening the role of horticulture in Assam’s rural development.
Keywords: Fruit cultivation, panel data, CAGR, VAR model
| 76 |
Author(s):
Bramh Prakash Srivastava.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Psychology
Page No:
679-695 |
Physical and Mental Health Status and Quality of Life of Adolescent Orphans in India: A Systematic Review
Abstract
Orphaned adolescents in India face numerous challenges that can impact their physical health, mental wellbeing, and overall quality of life. This systematic review aims to synthesize the current evidence on the health status and quality of life of adolescent orphans in India. A comprehensive search of electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsycINFO was conducted to identify relevant studies published between 2000 and 2021. Studies that assessed physical health, mental health, or quality of life outcomes in orphaned adolescents (10-19 years) in India were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers. A total of 32 studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings indicate that orphaned adolescents in India experience higher rates of malnutrition, growth stunting, and micronutrient deficiencies compared to non-orphans. Mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder were also more prevalent among orphans. Quality of life measures were generally lower for orphaned adolescents across multiple domains. Institutional care was associated with poorer outcomes compared to family-based care. Adolescent orphans in India face significant physical and mental health challenges that negatively impact their quality of life. There is a need for targeted interventions to address the specific health needs of this vulnerable population and improve their overall wellbeing. Further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of various care models and support programs.
| 77 |
Author(s):
Ranjeeta Rani, Dr. Sheila Vijay, Dr. Somali Gupta.
Country:
India
Research Area:
English
Page No:
696-702 |
Resilient Women and Their Postcolonial World
Abstract
Women are always considered second sex in the patriarchal society. They have not been treated as equal entity and are constantly victim of male gaze and disparity by the society. This kind of prejudiced treatment is not only prevalent in Indian society but also around the world. Many time their aspirations are not met with encouraging words and they end up struggling double for the same goal as compared to males of the society which they are part. Women have been supressed in the society from many centuries but this was not the case in the ancient time. Earlier, education was accessible to women but with the advent of Mughals and later the Britisher, changed the course of the society and left women at the pedestal. This research paper has dealt with the females of different societies and how their lives revolve around the males of the society and the discrimination meted to them.
| 78 |
Author(s):
Md. Sayem Akhtar, Dr. Namrata Gaurav.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Sociology
Page No:
703-712 |
Empowerment of Women Through Panchayati Raj Institution: A Study of Malda District, West Bengal
Abstract
Women in rural India have long been socially and politically marginalized. Their role in decision-making was very limited. But with the introduction of reservation for women in the Panchayati Raj system through the 73rd Constitutional Amendment in 1992, new horizons have opened up at the rural level. Malda district of West Bengal is an important area of this change, where rural women have started actively participating in local governance for the first time.This study shows that although many women initially stood for elections under the influence of family or male members, they are gradually developing their leadership capacity. Today, women are playing an effective role in rural development work, health and education projects, women's safety and the development of self-help groups. Especially by joining self-help groups, many women are becoming financially independent, which has increased their confidence and decision-making power.Positive progress is also being seen in terms of social change. Where women's opinions were not considered important earlier, now their voices are influencing rural development. Women are also actively contributing in areas such as education, healthcare, drinking water and environmental protection. However, challenges remain – such as patriarchal attitudes, lack of education and political pressure, which often limit women’s freedom.
| 79 |
Author(s):
Dr. Shabana Mazhar, Ms. Zainab Rizwi.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Gender Studies
Page No:
713-717 |
Factors Influencing Financial Independence of Women
Abstract
Women as decision makers in Indian homes, dominated by patriarchal mindset has been undermined since ages. In India where female literacy has been estimated to be 70 percent by the year 2023, women have come out of their boundaries for self-dependency where they are able to take decisions for self-sufficiency. One aspect of self-sufficiency is financial independence which is an essential trait for personal growth and development. Financial Independence is a condition where individuals are able to meet their needs with their earnings. So far Financial Independence of women are concerned it is a state where women have sufficient resources and they do not have to rely on others. For the purpose of this study Financial Independence of Women have been defined as a state where they are in full control of their finances and are not dependent on others for their financial decisions. This paper is a culmination of responses collected from women across various sections of society (housewife, salaried women and entrepreneurs) and presents analysis on role of demographic, economic, social and personal factors on their level of financial independence. After analyzing the factors influencing the financial independence of women it was found out that in general the level of financial is low and it is the social and personal factors which are gnawing the financial independence of women. It was also found that salaried women were better off in terms of financial independence as compared to housewives and entrepreneurs.
Key Words: Financial independence, patriarchal, development, control, finances, economic, social
| 80 |
Author(s):
Birendra Kumar, Dr. Poonam Rautela.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Geography
Page No:
718-731 |
पटना जिला में भूमि उपयोग प्रतिरूप में परिवर्तन (2001-2021)
Abstract
भूमि उपयोग एवं उसके महत्व मानवीय आवश्यकताओं के अनुसार बदलते रहते है। जिसमें भूमि का बदलना स्वरूप कोई नवीन परिघटना नही है बल्कि एक स्थानिय भूमि स्थानान्तरण प्रक्रिया है जो स्थान एवं काल के साथ् सतत रूप से घटित होता है जो मानवीय समुदाय के आर्थिक स्त्रोतों एवं व्यवसायिक क्रियाओं में परिवर्तन से प्रभावित होता है। प्रस्तुत शोधपत्र विगत दो दशकों (2001.2021) में भूमि उपयोग परिवर्तन एवं उसका कृषि भूमि पर प्रभाव विशेष रूप से भौतिक परिवर्तन एवं उसका कृषि भूमि पर प्रभाव विशेष रूप से भौतिक परिवेश सामाजिक-आर्थिक व्यवस्था जैसी स्थानीय घटनायें वन भुड बोया गया भूमि कृषियोग्य बेकार भूमि परती भूमि पर भूमिा के प्रतिरूप सतत रूप से प्रभावित हुआ है। क्षेत्र में जनसंख्या वृद्धि का कृषि भूमि पर दबाव सिंचाई कें साधनों की उचित यंत्रों का उपयोग एवं कृषि विधी में प्रतिवर्तन कर खाद्य-आपूर्ति जैसे चुनौतियों से निपटनें आदि पर केंद्रित है।
| 81 |
Author(s):
Dr. Sanabam Gunajit Mangang, Sapam Thoithoiba Singh.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Political Science
Page No:
732-737 |
Regional Parties and India Politics: An Analysis
Abstract
India, with its diverse cultures, languages, religions, and socio-economic backgrounds, has a multifaceted political landscape. The federal structure of the Indian state, as stated in the Constitution, promotes the emergence of regional political dynamics that often intersect with national politics. Indian regional politics is characterised by its diversity, complexity, and dynamism. Regional parties, which represent the interests of individual states or linguistic regions, play an important role in determining governance and national politics. Many regional parties play important roles in Indian politics, representing the aspirations and interests of individual states or linguistic regions. Regional parties consistently assume pivotal positions in national coalition governments, utilising their support to exert influence over policy decisions at the central level. In addition, they advocate for state-specific matters, influencing policy agendas at both the state and national levels. National political parties frequently form alliances with regional parties in order to secure electoral benefits, resulting in the formation of composite political realignments. Hence, this study seeks to analyse the responsible factors behind the emergence of regional political parties in India. Furthermore, it emphasises the significance of regional parties in the realm of electoral politics, both at the national and state levels.
| 82 |
Author(s):
Durga Sankar Koley, Dr. Suresh Sharma.
Country:
India
Research Area:
History
Page No:
738-769 |
Caste, Land, and Power in Early Medieval Bengal: An Epigraphic Analysis (c. 6th –7th Century CE)
Abstract
This paper explores the evolution of the caste system in ancient and early medieval Bengal (c. 5th–7th century CE) through a critical analysis of copperplate inscriptions issued during the Gupta period and its aftermath. Rather than reflecting a rigid, pan-Indian varna hierarchy, these epigraphic sources reveal a fluid and regionally distinctive process of caste formation shaped by landholding patterns, political authority, and religious patronage. Bengal’s social order was characterized by the dominance of Brahmanas not only as ritual authorities but also as agrarian elites, receiving extensive tax-exempt land grants (agraharas) and serving as intermediaries between state power and rural society.
Drawing upon key inscriptions—including the Dhanaidaha, Damodarpur, Kalaikuri–Sultanpur, Gunaighar, and Nidhanpur copperplates—this study demonstrates how caste identities were constructed, codified, and negotiated through legal instruments and royal charters. The inscriptions highlight the absence or marginal presence of Kshatriyas and Vaishyas, the emergence of intermediary castes such as Kayasthas and Vaidyas, and the incorporation of local and tribal groups into a Brahmanical framework through processes of Sanskritization. Tables, comparative summaries, and thematic mappings are used to trace the complex interplay between social hierarchy, occupational roles, and ritual status.
By situating caste within the broader context of agrarian expansion, administrative structuring, and regional integration, this paper argues that caste in early Bengal was a dynamic social project rather than a fixed dharmashastric ideal. It challenges traditional historiography that views caste as a static institution, instead foregrounding its historical construction through epigraphic, political, and economic mechanisms. Ultimately, the study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of early Indian social formations by highlighting the specificity of Bengal’s caste landscape and its role in shaping the subcontinent’s early medieval order.
| 83 |
Author(s):
डॉ. भूपेंद्र कुमार.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Economics
Page No:
770-781 |
उत्तर प्रदेश के शामली जिले के ग्रामीण विकास में सार्वजनिक संपत्ति संसाधनों की भूमिका का विश्लेषणात्मक अध्ययन
Abstract
इस अध्याय का मुख्य उद्देश्य उत्तर प्रदेश के शामली जिले के ग्रामीण विकास में सार्वजनिक संपत्ति संसाधनों की भूमिका का अध्ययन करना था। सार्वजनिक संपत्ति संसाधन प्राकृतिक संसाधन होते हैं जो किसी समुदाय के स्वामित्व में होते हैं, और सभी सदस्यों को कुछ प्रतिबंधों के साथ इन तक पहुँच और उपयोग का अधिकार होता है; इन पर किसी का भी संपत्ति अधिकार नहीं होता। सार्वजनिक संपत्ति संसाधन से फल, मेवे, रेशे, औषधीय जड़ी-बूटियाँ आदि जैसे लघु वन उत्पाद, साथ ही घरों के लिए ईंधन और मवेशियों के लिए चारा भी प्राप्त होता है। चूँकि इनमें से कई लोगों की ज़मीन तक पहुँच सीमित होती है और वे अपने पशुओं से होने वाली आय पर निर्भर रहते हैं, इसलिए ऐसी ज़मीन ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में भूमिहीन लोगों, सीमांत किसानों और अन्य हाशिए के समूहों की आजीविका के लिए विशेष रूप से महत्वपूर्ण है। चूँकि ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में ईंधन और चारा संग्रहण का अधिकांश काम महिलाएँ करती हैं, इसलिए सार्वजनिक संपत्ति संसाधन उनके लिए विशेष रूप से महत्वपूर्ण हैं। अध्ययन के निष्कर्ष से पता चलता है कि सार्वजानिक संपत्ति संसाधन ग्रामीण सामाजिक विकास में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाते हैं। सार्वजनिक संपत्ति संसाधन के कारण सामाजिक सद्भाव और शांति में सुधार हुआ है, सामाजिक विवादों और झगड़ों में कमी आई है, जीवन स्तर में सुधार हुआ है, सामाजिक स्थिति और प्रतिष्ठा में सुधार हुआ है, सामाजिक बंधन विकसित हुए हैं, सार्वजनिक संपत्ति संसाधन के प्रति लोगों का दृष्टिकोण सामाजिक रूप से सराहनीय है और अधिकांश लोग अपनी संयुक्त जिम्मेदारियों के प्रति जागरूक हैं तथा सार्वजनिक संपत्ति संसाधन सदस्यों के बीच सामाजिक एकता में सुधार हुआ है।
| 84 |
Author(s):
Armaan Singh Chahal.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Sociology
Page No:
782-799 |
The Measles Outbreak in Mumbai (2022-2023): Management, Challenges, and Gaps in Public Health Response Strategies
Abstract
Measles is a highly contagious disease and develops from infection by Measles virus. The Measles virus is transmitted by respiratory route and before the introduction of vaccination, more than 2 million deaths were reported annually. The 2022-2023 measles outbreak in Mumbai was a significant public health challenge, exposing critical gaps in immunization coverage and outbreak preparedness in one of India’s largest financial and urban centers. The present review paper examines the epidemiology of the outbreak, management strategies used, and the challenges faced in controlling the disease spread, particularly in vulnerable slum communities. The outbreak resulted in over 600 confirmed cases and 18 reported deaths, with the majority of cases occurring among unvaccinated children. The key drivers included disruptions to routine immunization during the COVID-19 pandemic, socioeconomic inequities, and vaccine hesitancy fueled by misinformation. In response, the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) implemented rapid outbreak response immunization campaigns, intensified surveillance, and extensive community engagement initiatives. While these measures successfully contained the outbreak, they also had a gap and area for improvement with the need for more resilient immunization systems, robust surveillance, and proactive community involvement. The analysis of Measles outbreak data highlights the importance of sustained vaccine coverage, culturally sensitive public health messaging, and targeted outreach to high-risk populations. The outcome of a gap analysis from this outbreak provides valuable insights for strengthening future outbreak preparedness and ensuring equitable health access in urban India.
| 85 |
Author(s):
Anita Bajpai, Pragati Awasthi.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Sociology
Page No:
800-812 |
Socio-Economic Challenges Faced by Nepalese Women Migrant Workers in India: A Sociological Study of Lakhimpur Kheri
Abstract
This study is an attempt to understand the socio-economic challenges faced by Nepalese women migrant workers in India, with a particular focus on Lakhimpur Kheri, a district of UP, with the Nepal border. Based on a mixed-methods research approach, including questionnaires, interviews, and field observations, this study examines how these women navigate cultural and institutional barriers in India. Utilizing a sociological lens, the paper examines the complex interplay of migration and labor, highlighting the experiences of Nepali women who migrate to seek better livelihood opportunities. These women workers face challenges based on economic instability, gendered discrimination, insecure working conditions, and lack of access to social protections and rights. Drawing data from their migrant status, supported by language barriers and limitations on healthcare, education, and other essential services. The analysis draws on feminist theories and the labour migration framework to unravel the structure of inequalities embedded in the migration process. This study examines how these women navigate cultural and institutional barriers in India, while also confronting socio-economic pressures from their communities back home. The research aims to illuminate the intersection of migration, gender, and socio-economic marginalization, thereby contributing to a broader understanding of transnational labor movements within the socio-political context of female migration in South Asia. The findings emphasize the need for policy measures to address the vulnerabilities of Nepalese women migrant workers in India.
This study is an attempt to understand the socio-economic challenges faced by Nepalese women migrant workers in India, with a particular focus on Lakhimpur Kheri, a district of UP, with the Nepal border. Based on a mixed-methods research approach, including questionnaires, interviews, and field observations, this study examines how these women navigate cultural and institutional barriers in India. Utilizing a sociological lens, the paper examines the complex interplay of migration and labor, highlighting the experiences of Nepali women who migrate to seek better livelihood opportunities. These women workers face challenges based on economic instability, gendered discrimination, insecure working conditions, and lack of access to social protections and rights. Drawing data from their migrant status, supported by language barriers and limitations on healthcare, education, and other essential services. The analysis draws on feminist theories and the labour migration framework to unravel the structure of inequalities embedded in the migration process. This study examines how these women navigate cultural and institutional barriers in India, while also confronting socio-economic pressures from their communities back home. The research aims to illuminate the intersection of migration, gender, and socio-economic marginalization, thereby contributing to a broader understanding of transnational labor movements within the socio-political context of female migration in South Asia. The findings emphasize the need for policy measures to address the vulnerabilities of Nepalese women migrant workers in India.This study is an attempt to understand the socio-economic challenges faced by Nepalese women migrant workers in India, with a particular focus on Lakhimpur Kheri, a district of UP, with the Nepal border. Based on a mixed-methods research approach, including questionnaires, interviews, and field observations, this study examines how these women navigate cultural and institutional barriers in India. Utilizing a sociological lens, the paper examines the complex interplay of migration and labor, highlighting the experiences of Nepali women who migrate to seek better livelihood opportunities. These women workers face challenges based on economic instability, gendered discrimination, insecure working conditions, and lack of access to social protections and rights. Drawing data from their migrant status, supported by language barriers and limitations on healthcare, education, and other essential services. The analysis draws on feminist theories and the labour migration framework to unravel the structure of inequalities embedded in the migration process. This study examines how these women navigate cultural and institutional barriers in India, while also confronting socio-economic pressures from their communities back home. The research aims to illuminate the intersection of migration, gender, and socio-economic marginalization, thereby contributing to a broader understanding of transnational labor movements within the socio-political context of female migration in South Asia. The findings emphasize the need for policy measures to address the vulnerabilities of Nepalese women migrant workers in India.
Keywords: Nepalese women migrant workers, socio-economic challenges, economic instability, insecure working conditions, language barriers, healthcare access, education limitations, transnational labor movements, socio-economic marginalization, female migration.
| 86 |
Author(s):
Ringnunfeli Nampui.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Anthropology
Page No:
813-819 |
Culinary Traditions of The Biate Community of North East India
Abstract
Tribal communities play a significant role in shaping India’s diverse cultural landscape with the Biate forming a significant ethnic group in the Dima Hasao District of Assam. The Biates maintain a strong connection to their traditional food systems, which reflected both their cultural identity and way of life. This paper focusses on the ethnic food recipes of the Biate community, exploring how their traditional dishes are deeply rooted in agriculture practices and locally available ingredients. Rice, the staple food of the Biates is central to their cuisine and is often accompanied by a variety of vegetables, roots, tubers and wild herbs. These ingredients are prepared using indigenous methods that have been passed down through generations. The study aims to document these unique food traditions, highlighting the cultural significance, preparation techniques, and sustainability of Biate ethnic recipes in the context of North East India.
| 87 |
Author(s):
Justin Marian Juanita, Dr. K Sathyanarayan.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Management
Page No:
820-833 |
The Impact of Individual Values and Personality on Psychological Contract Levels in The Workplace: The Moderating Role of Organizational Culture
Abstract
Abstract
Study examines the multifaceted relationship between Individual values, Personality traits, and Psychological contract formation at work with a focus on the moderating role of Organizational culture. The purpose of this study is to examine the diverse spectrum of individual values that encompasses cultural, personal, and experiential dimensions, and their role in guiding employees' expectations. In addition, it tries to explore the influence of personality traits on Psychological Contract, examining the role of the moderating variable "organizational culture" and its impact on the various dimensions of the Psychological contract ( Maria Ceu Santos, Filipe Colomet al,2019). There were 121respondants who participated in this study, belonging to managerial positions in an MNC located in Chennai. The findings of the data analysis show that individual values and personality significantly relate to the psychological contract with the organizational culture, having a moderating effect on them.
Keywords: Individual values, Personality traits, Organizational culture, and psychological contract formation.
| 88 |
Author(s):
Nayana Das.
Country:
India
Research Area:
English
Page No:
834-838 |
Nature as a Portal to the Divine: The Symbolic Role of Environment in “The Hidden Hindu”
Abstract
Akshat Gupta’s The Hidden Hindu, provides ‘nature’ a quiet but powerful role in deepening the story. It can be considered just as a background setting yet it adds a sense of mystery, spirituality, and timelessness to the entire narrative. Places like Gyanganj, the Himalayas, and Lake Mansarovar are portrayed as sacred and hidden, suggesting that true knowledge and self-discovery lie far away from the noise of the modern world. These natural spaces are where important events and revelations happen, often acting like gateways between the physical and spiritual realms. Nature also mirrors what the characters are going through emotionally. When Om is lost or searching for answers, the environment around him often feels harsh, quiet, or otherworldly, almost as if nature itself is responding to his inner state. At times, it even seems to protect sacred knowledge, only revealing its secrets to those who are ready. Through all of this, nature becomes more than just scenery, it becomes a guide, a mirror, and a reminder that the universe is full of hidden truths waiting to be uncovered. The attempt of this paper is to show how the ‘environment’ or the ‘nature’, adds mystery, meaning, and spiritual resonance. The attempt is to show a symbolic tool that reflects the themes of the story: rebirth, karma, hidden truths, and the search for self. By anchoring these ideas in powerful natural settings, the novel feels bigger than just one man’s journey.
| 89 |
Author(s):
Cyprien Nkoma, Stephen Asatsa, Elijah Macharia.
Country:
Kenya
Research Area:
Psychology
Page No:
839-853 |
Migrants’ Lived Experiences and Post-Traumatic Growth Among Urban Refugees in Nairobi County, Kenya
Abstract
Human migration, especially forced displacement, is an increasingly prominent global phenomenon. Amidst the turmoil of war, persecution, and socio-economic upheaval, urban refugees face unique challenges and opportunities for recovery. This study investigates the lived experiences and post-traumatic growth (PTG) of urban refugees in Nairobi County, Kenya, employing a robust mixed method, an embedded research design. This article synthesizes theoretical perspectives, Reasoned Action Theory, Resilience Theory, and PTG Theory, with empirical evidence, offering a multidimensional approach to understanding refugee experiences in the global south. Drawing on a sample of 398 respondents from diverse nationalities, data analysis provided nuanced insights into the psychological, social, and spiritual trajectories that characterized adaptation and resilience within Nairobi’s cosmopolitan environment. Using quantitative instruments such as the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) and qualitative interview guide. The findings revealed significant facts regarding stigmatization, compassion, spiritual transformation, and the nuanced influence of variables such as gender and education. The results from post-traumatic growth inventory showed that respondents had higher levels of spiritual change (Mean =2.65), indicating a more profound transformation in their spiritual outlook post-crisis, exhibited greater personal strength (Mean=2.47), and an overall higher sense of posttraumatic growth (Mean=2.36), suggesting a stronger capacity to adapt and grow after the crisis. Results indicated a difference in post-traumatic growth between males and females (0.000). There is a need for the Government to consider matter related to the education of refugees, improving their integration in the community.
| 90 |
Author(s):
Swathy Subhash.
Country:
India
Research Area:
English
Page No:
854-864 |
Bundling Capitalism: The Commodification of Music in the Contemporary Industry
Abstract
This study investigates the manner in which music has been integrated into the mechanisms of capitalist commodification, specifically focusing on the practice of album bundling. The examination utilizes Karl Marx’s notions of exchange value and commodity fetishism, Theodor Adorno’s critique of the culture industry, and Walter Benjamin’s insights on the loss of “aura” associated with mechanically reproduced art. Collectively, these theoretical frameworks underscore that music, which was once primarily appreciated for its aesthetic or cultural significance, has become progressively linked to economic exchange and market rivalry. Album bundling, defined as the sale of records alongside merchandise or concert tickets, exemplifies this phenomenon in clear terms. Although such tactics enhance sales and chart rankings, they concurrently exacerbate structural inequalities, favoring major global labels and established artists while marginalizing independent musicians. Simultaneously, bundling transforms fan engagement by converting cultural consumption into transactional loyalty, concealing exploitation beneath a facade of participation. Case studies involving BTS, The Weeknd, and Taylor Swift illustrate how bundling perpetuates capitalist profitability while compromising artistic integrity. This paper contends that in the digital age, characterized by music circulation through streaming, datafication, and algorithmic platforms, bundling exemplifies the trend of culture being increasingly diminished to a mere commodity, resulting in significant implications for authenticity, equity, and creativity.
| 91 |
Author(s):
Kamlesh Kumar Meena, Dr. Saurabh Medal.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Commerce
Page No:
865-873 |
The Role of Digital Literacy in E-Commerce Adoption Among Local Vendors in Rural Rajasthan
Abstract
This research paper investigates the pivotal role of digital literacy in influencing the adoption of e-commerce among local vendors in rural Rajasthan. With rapid digitalization reshaping retail and consumer behaviours, rural markets remain largely underrepresented in digital commerce due to infrastructural and educational challenges. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys of 150 local vendors across five rural districts with qualitative interviews to gain deeper insights into barriers and enablers of digital adoption. Findings reveal that vendors with basic digital literacy skills are significantly more likely to engage with e-commerce platforms, leveraging tools such as digital payments, social media marketing, and online marketplaces to expand their customer base. However, the lack of targeted digital training, poor internet connectivity, and limited access to smartphones hinder broader participation. The paper highlights the critical need for inclusive digital literacy programs tailored to local contexts, emphasizing vernacular content and hands-on training. It concludes that fostering digital competence among rural vendors can bridge the digital divide and unlock new economic opportunities. The study offers policy recommendations for government bodies, NGOs, and private stakeholders to collaborate in promoting digital education and infrastructure, thereby enabling sustainable e-commerce ecosystems in rural India.
| 92 |
Author(s):
Priya Das .
Country:
India
Research Area:
Women’s Studies
Page No:
874-884 |
The Development of Women in Unorganised Sector using Social Media Platforms in India: A Study On Siliguri, West Bengal
Abstract
In present day society technology has been playing a significant role to widen up the space for everyone’s participation in several sectors in the digital world. In this article, the main idea is the development of women in unorganised sector using social media platforms. Unorganised Sectors are not in the domain of government and used to deal with the informal sector. In a welfare state like India, women are engaged with many projects for changing their status and to promote their ideas in several ways. From engaging in micro and small sectors to become an entrepreneur is a long journey for women in India. Here, by this article I want to focus on women’s engagement in many social media platforms by creating many jobs for themselves and others in the unorganised sector for their improvement in their everyday lifestyle. In this article, I did a small analysis of the women, engaged in social media platforms in Siliguri to understand the improvement of women in unorganised sector using social media platforms.
| 93 |
Author(s):
Dr. Md. Jahangir Alom.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Literature
Page No:
885-892 |
Humour In Digital Literature and Modern Platforms: New Boundaries for Satirical Expression
Abstract
Humor has long served as a cultural lens for critique, reflection, and social commentary, yet the digital age has radically expanded its reach and form. This research paper examines humor in digital literature and modern platforms, highlighting new boundaries for satirical expression in a rapidly evolving media ecosystem. From the meme economy to satirical news outlets like The Onion and Click Hole, and the growing influence of artificial intelligence (AI) in humor production, digital platforms have fostered an unprecedented environment for creative engagement.
This study applies theoretical frameworks, including Poe’s Law and Bakhtin’s concept of the carnivalesque, to analyze how online satire functions across cultural contexts. It further explores the aesthetic and ethical dimensions of digital humor, focusing on audience interpretation, miscommunication, and platform governance. Case studies illustrate how satire operates as both an entertainment form and a critical discourse, capable of exposing contradictions in political, social, and cultural narratives.
By combining critical theory, contemporary examples, and emerging trends in AI-driven creativity, this research underscores the transformative potential of digital satire while addressing the challenges it presents in terms of misinformation, censorship, and cultural sensitivity. Ultimately, it argues that digital literature and modern platforms not only extend the creative boundaries of satirical expression but also reshape its purpose, audience, and impact in the 21st century.
Keywords: Digital Literature, Satirical Expression, Online Platforms, Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Humor, Poe’s Law, Carnivalesque (Bakhtin)
| 94 |
Author(s):
Sankar Tantubay.
Country:
India
Research Area:
History
Page No:
893-897 |
Sohrai Art: A Cultural Reflection in Santali Wall Painting
Abstract
The earliest evidence of artistic consciousness and painting in Indian civilization can be traced back to the prehistoric cave paintings which found on the walls of sites like Adamgarh and Bhimbetka. Later, the wall paintings of the Ajanta and Ellora caves clearly demonstrate the significant advancement of artistic expression over the time. Even though human civilization evolved beyond cave life into more sophisticated urban societies, the tradition of wall painting has continued to this day. This enduring legacy is vividly reflected in the wall art found in the homes of tribal communities. In the Rarh region, the Santal people—one of the major indigenous groups—adorn the walls of their homes with vibrant paintings and geometric patterns during their Bandna or Sohrai festivals.
| 95 |
Author(s):
Netrapal, Jyoti Prakash Gupta.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Geography
Page No:
898-907 |
Crop Intensity as an Indicator of Agricultural Transformation in Urbanizing Bhagwanpur Tehsil, Haridwar (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
This paper examines the effects of urbanisation on crop intensity and agricultural land use in Bhagwanpur Tehsil, Haridwar (Uttarakhand) based on Sentinel-2 Level-2A surface reflectance images on the year 2021. The main aim of the study was to examine the effect of urbanisation on agricultural activity and intensity of crop production in a fast urbanising area. The study estimated crop intensity values at the tehsil by developing seasonal NDVI composites of three agricultural seasons, namely, Zaid, Kharif, and Rabi, and using thresholds of crop presence. The results show that urbanisation had a varying effect on crop intensity with peri-urban areas experiencing increased crop intensity brought about by the intensification caused by the demand in the urban areas and central urban areas experiencing reduced crop intensity brought about by the transformation of land into built-up lands. The paper also puts emphasis on the importance of infrastructure and market access in enhancing agricultural intensification in peri-urban areas. This study contributes to the significance of agricultural transformation by emphasising the use of crop intensity as a tracking measure of agricultural transformation valuable to urban planners, policymakers, and agricultural stakeholders. It highlights how vital it is to have integrated planning in order to harmonise urbanisation and agricultural sustainability.
