International Journal of Social Science Research (IJSSR)

An Analysis of Ashoka’s Policy of Dhamma as a Tool for Political Consolidation in the Mauryan Empire

The reign of the Mauryan emperor Ashoka (c. 268–232 BCE) is distinguished by his propagation of Dhamma, a unique policy of social and ethical conduct. While traditionally interpreted as a manifestation of the emperor's personal remorse and conversion to Buddhism after the bloody Kalinga War, this paper argues that Dhamma was, more significantly, a sophisticated and pragmatic instrument of statecraft. It was engineered to address the immense administrative and social challenges of ruling a vast, diverse, and recently conquered empire. By promoting a universal ethical code, Ashoka sought to foster social cohesion, streamline administrative control, and create a new, paternalistic basis for imperial legitimacy, thereby consolidating Mauryan political authority through "soft power" rather than sheer military might