International Journal of Social Science Research (IJSSR)

Spatial Pattern and Socio-Economic Dimensions of Tribal Population in Ranchi District: A Geographical Analysis

Abstract Tribal communities constitute a significant component of the demographic and cultural landscape of Jharkhand. Ranchi district, located in the Chotanagpur Plateau region, is characterized by a substantial concentration of tribal communities such as the Munda, Oraon, Lohra, Kharia, and Mahli. Over the past few decades, processes of urbanization, industrialization, infrastructural expansion, and socio-economic transformation have significantly influenced the spatial distribution and socio-economic conditions of tribal populations. The present study examines the spatial pattern and socio-economic dimensions of the tribal population in Ranchi district using secondary data sources. Data have been obtained from the Census of India, District Census Handbook, Jharkhand Statistical Handbook, and other government publications. The study reveals considerable spatial variation in tribal population concentration across different blocks of the district. Tribal populations are predominantly concentrated in rural plateau and forested regions, whereas urban and peri-urban areas exhibit relatively lower tribal proportions due to demographic diversification. The study further highlights disparities in literacy, occupation, infrastructure, and access to development opportunities among tribal communities. The findings emphasize the need for region-specific development policies aimed at promoting inclusive growth and sustainable tribal development. Keywords: Tribal Population, Spatial Distribution, Socio-Economic Development, Ranchi District, Scheduled Tribes, Jharkhand, Geographical Analysis