International Journal of Social Science Research (IJSSR)

Space for the Global South: Navigating a New Frontier of International Collaboration

The exploration and use of space, a domain of virtually infinite resources, is governed by the foundational principle that its benefits should be open to all humanity. This principle, enshrined in the Outer Space Treaty (OST) of 1967, mandates international cooperation for the peaceful and sustainable use of space. However, a significant disparity exists between this ideal and the current reality. The development and exploitation of space technology remain concentrated within a few nations in the Global North. This condition creates a dependency for nations in the Global South, which despite representing over 80% of the world's population and 40% of its GDP are often marginalised in the space sector due to gaps in scientific advancement and economic capacity. The space-based technologies are increasingly critical for daily life and for achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), bridging this divide is imperative. This study contends that states in the Global South can mitigate this dependency by formulating and implementing national space policies aligned with the OST's utilitarian and cooperative principles. Employing a qualitative research methodology, this study analyses secondary data and multiple case studies of national space programmes submitted by Global South nations to the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA). The research investigates how these nations foster international collaboration and reduce their reliance on the Global North. The findings indicate that well-articulated national space programmes not only enhance South-South cooperation but also attract foreign direct investment, thereby contributing to national economic development. Ultimately, this research demonstrates that endogenous space technology development in the Global South, coupled with strategic international partnerships is key to harnessing local resources and advancing the equitable benefits of space for all. Keywords: global south, OST, South-South Cooperation, Space, Utilitarianism