International Journal of Social Science Research (IJSSR)

The Dynamics of Regional Integration in East Africa: Institutional Developments and Policy Challenges

This paper analyzes the East African Community (EAC), an ambitious regional integration effort established in 2000 and encompassing seven member states: Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda. The study delves into the historical backdrop of East African regionalism, the EAC's institutional structure, and its progress across four pillars: the Customs Union, Common Market, Monetary Union, and Political Federation. The research highlights the bloc's achievements, including enhanced intra-regional trade, infrastructure development, and labor mobility. However, it also addresses persistent obstacles such as political instability, economic disparities, non-tariff barriers, and inconsistent commitment among members. Drawing on policy documents, economic reports, and academic literature, the qualitative study identifies both catalysts and impediments to integration. By comparing the EAC to other blocs like ECOWAS and the European Union, the paper offers valuable lessons. It concludes that the EAC's long-term success depends on stronger political will, harmonized national policies, improved institutional capacity, and inclusive development. The paper offers policy recommendations to deepen integration and promote sustainable development, contributing to the broader understanding of African regionalism.