International Journal of Social Science Research (IJSSR)

The Measles Outbreak in Mumbai (2022-2023): Management, Challenges, and Gaps in Public Health Response Strategies

Measles is a highly contagious disease and develops from infection by Measles virus. The Measles virus is transmitted by respiratory route and before the introduction of vaccination, more than 2 million deaths were reported annually. The 2022-2023 measles outbreak in Mumbai was a significant public health challenge, exposing critical gaps in immunization coverage and outbreak preparedness in one of India’s largest financial and urban centers. The present review paper examines the epidemiology of the outbreak, management strategies used, and the challenges faced in controlling the disease spread, particularly in vulnerable slum communities. The outbreak resulted in over 600 confirmed cases and 18 reported deaths, with the majority of cases occurring among unvaccinated children. The key drivers included disruptions to routine immunization during the COVID-19 pandemic, socioeconomic inequities, and vaccine hesitancy fueled by misinformation. In response, the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) implemented rapid outbreak response immunization campaigns, intensified surveillance, and extensive community engagement initiatives. While these measures successfully contained the outbreak, they also had a gap and area for improvement with the need for more resilient immunization systems, robust surveillance, and proactive community involvement. The analysis of Measles outbreak data highlights the importance of sustained vaccine coverage, culturally sensitive public health messaging, and targeted outreach to high-risk populations. The outcome of a gap analysis from this outbreak provides valuable insights for strengthening future outbreak preparedness and ensuring equitable health access in urban India.